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Kim EJ, Jeong HS, Park JY, Je JY, Choi CH, Lee SJ. The inflammatory bowel disease and gut microbiome are restored by employing metformin-loaded alginate-shelled microcapsules. J Control Release 2025; 378:490-502. [PMID: 39710207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic or recurrent inflammatory disorder affecting various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Metformin, a widely prescribed hypoglycemic drug for type 2 diabetes, has shown potential in reducing IBD risk. However, its oral administration faces significant challenges due to the harsh gastrointestinal environment, requiring higher or more frequent doses to achieve therapeutic effects, which increases the risk of side effects. To address this, we developed alginate-shelled hydrogel microcapsules with a thin oil layer for targeted intestinal delivery of metformin. The oil layer protects metformin from gastric acid and ensures its release specifically in the intestines. In a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model, metformin-loaded hydrogel microcapsules (MHM) significantly reduced disease activity, intestinal epithelial damage, and macrophage infiltration linked to pro-inflammatory cytokine factors. Additionally, MHM improved dysbiosis of specific bacterial genera, including Bacteroides vulgatus, Lactobacillus (L.) gasseri, L. reuteri, and L. intestinalis, optimizing the abundance and composition of microorganisms. These findings indicate that encapsulating metformin within alginate shelled-microcapsules with a thin oil layer presents a potential delivery system for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea; Major of Human Bio-convergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Jeong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Major of Human Bio-convergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Je
- Major of Human Bio-convergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyung Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Jung Lee
- Major of Human Bio-convergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Prada AG, Gîță CD, Gîdei SM, Istratescu D, Stroie T, Aurelian SM, Prada GI, Penes ON, Pop AL, Diculescu MM. The Importance of Nutriepigenetics in Older Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2025; 17:620. [PMID: 40004949 PMCID: PMC11858404 DOI: 10.3390/nu17040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2025] [Revised: 02/04/2025] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutriepigenetics, the study of nutritional effects on gene expression, offers new insights into the clinical variability and relapse frequency of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As older adult populations are frequently unrepresented in the literature regarding their nutrition's influence on their gene expression, we considered that studying this aspect would shed light on this population group. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study on 60 IBD patients, categorized by age, residence, and nutrition access. Patients were grouped according to age groups ("young"-old-65-74 years old and old-old-75-86 years old), gender, IBD type, organic diet preference, Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI), and Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) at diagnosis and after diet change. All patients were followed up at the Fundeni Clinical Institute in Bucharest, Romania, and received personalized dietary recommendations, in accordance with the European guidelines. RESULTS Our findings revealed that a diet that was predominantly organic had a positive impact on decreasing the number of relapse episodes, irrespective of IBD type. Predominant diets, rich in dairy and saturated fats, mostly from non-organic sources, exacerbated inflammation and increased the frequencies of relapses. CONCLUSIONS Older adult patients who adopted a predominantly organic diet had a reduction in frequency of relapse episodes, thus proving that diet is an important part of the treatment regimen of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Gabriela Prada
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.P.); (C.D.G.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Costina Daniela Gîță
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.P.); (C.D.G.); (M.M.D.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chronic Diseases “Sf. Luca”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sandra Monica Gîdei
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.P.); (C.D.G.); (M.M.D.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chronic Diseases “Sf. Luca”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Doina Istratescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.P.); (C.D.G.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Tudor Stroie
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.P.); (C.D.G.); (M.M.D.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Maria Aurelian
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.P.); (C.D.G.); (M.M.D.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chronic Diseases “Sf. Luca”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ioan Prada
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.P.); (C.D.G.); (M.M.D.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, “Ana Aslan” National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 011241 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Nicolae Penes
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.P.); (C.D.G.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Anca Lucia Pop
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.P.); (C.D.G.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Mihai Mircea Diculescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.P.); (C.D.G.); (M.M.D.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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Wang K, Zhao X, Yang S, Qi X, Li A, Yu W. New insights into dairy management and the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: The shift from single nutrient to dairy matrix effects-A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13374. [PMID: 38847750 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Dairy is recognized as a good source of calcium, which is important for preventing osteoporosis. However, the relationship between milk and bone health is more complex than just calcium supplementation. It is unwise to focus solely on observing the effects of a single nutrient. Lactose, proteins, and vitamins in milk, as well as fatty acids, oligosaccharides, and exosomes, all work together with calcium to enhance its bioavailability and utilization efficiency through various mechanisms. We evaluate the roles of dairy nutrients and active ingredients in maintaining bone homeostasis from the perspective of the dairy matrix effects. Special attention is given to threshold effects, synergistic effects, and associations with the gut-bone axis. We also summarize the associations between probiotic/prebiotic milk, low-fat/high-fat milk, lactose-free milk, and fortified milk with a reduced risk of osteoporosis and discuss the potential benefits and controversies of these dairy products. Moreover, we examine the role of dairy products in increasing peak bone mass during adolescence and reducing bone loss in old age. It provides a theoretical reference for the use of dairy products in the accurate prevention and management of osteoporosis and related chronic diseases and offers personalized dietary recommendations for bone health in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Sijia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Aili Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Dairy Processing Technology Research Centre, Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Avitzur Y, Jimenez L, Martincevic I, Acra S, Courtney-Martin G, Gray M, Hope K, Muise A, Prieto Jimenez PM, Taylor N, Thiagarajah JR, Martín MG. Diet management in congenital diarrheas and enteropathies - general concepts and disease-specific approach, a narrative review. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:17-33. [PMID: 38734141 PMCID: PMC11251218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital diarrheas and enteropathies (CODE) are a group of rare, heterogenous, monogenic disorders that lead to chronic diarrhea in infancy. Definitive treatment is rarely available, and supportive treatment is the mainstay. Nutritional management in the form of either specialized formulas, restrictive diet, or parenteral nutrition support in CODE with poor enteral tolerance is the cornerstone of CODE treatment and long-term growth. The evidence to support the use of specific diet regimens and nutritional approaches in most CODE disorders is limited due to the rarity of these diseases and the scant published clinical experience. The goal of this review was to create a comprehensive guide for nutritional management in CODE, based on the currently available literature, disease mechanism, and the PediCODE group experience. Enteral diet management in CODE can be divided into 3 distinct conceptual frameworks: nutrient elimination, nutrient supplementation, and generalized nutrient restriction. Response to nutrient elimination or supplementation can lead to resolution or significant improvement in the chronic diarrhea of CODE and resumption of normal growth. This pattern can be seen in CODE due to carbohydrate malabsorption, defects in fat absorption, and occasionally in electrolyte transport defects. In contrast, general diet restriction is mainly supportive. However, occasionally it allows parenteral nutrition weaning or reduction over time, mainly in enteroendocrine defects and rarely in epithelial trafficking and polarity defects. Further research is required to better elucidate the role of diet in the treatment of CODE and the appropriate diet management for each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Avitzur
- Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), Transplant and Regenerative Centre, SickKids Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Lissette Jimenez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Congenital Enteropathy Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States;; Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston MA, United States
| | - Inez Martincevic
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sari Acra
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Glenda Courtney-Martin
- Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), Transplant and Regenerative Centre, SickKids Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Gray
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kayla Hope
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aleixo Muise
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paula M Prieto Jimenez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Taylor
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jay R Thiagarajah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Congenital Enteropathy Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States;; Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston MA, United States
| | - Martín G Martín
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Pratelli G, Tamburini B, Badami GD, Lo Pizzo M, De Blasio A, Carlisi D, Di Liberto D. Cow's Milk: A Benefit for Human Health? Omics Tools and Precision Nutrition for Lactose Intolerance Management. Nutrients 2024; 16:320. [PMID: 38276558 PMCID: PMC10819418 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk (CM) is a healthy food consumed worldwide by individuals of all ages. Unfortunately, "lactase-deficient" individuals cannot digest milk's main carbohydrate, lactose, depriving themselves of highly beneficial milk proteins like casein, lactoalbumin, and lactoglobulin due to lactose intolerance (LI), while other individuals develop allergies specifically against these proteins (CMPA). The management of these conditions differs, and an inappropriate diagnosis or treatment may have significant implications for the patients, especially if they are infants or very young children, resulting in unnecessary dietary restrictions or avoidable adverse reactions. Omics technologies play a pivotal role in elucidating the intricate interactions between nutrients and the human body, spanning from genetic factors to the microbiota profile and metabolites. This comprehensive approach enables the precise delineation and identification of distinct cohorts of individuals with specific dietary requirements, so that tailored nutrition strategies can be developed. This is what is called personalized nutrition or precision nutrition (PN), the area of nutrition that focuses on the effects of nutrients on the genome, proteome, and metabolome, promoting well-being and health, preventing diseases, reducing chronic disease incidence, and increasing life expectancy. Here, we report the opinion of the scientific community proposing to replace the "one size fits all" approach with tailor-made nutrition programs, designed by integrating nutrigenomic data together with clinical parameters and microbiota profiles, taking into account the individual lactose tolerance threshold and needs in terms of specific nutrients intake. This customized approach could help LI patients to improve their quality of life, overcoming depression or anxiety often resulting from the individual perception of this condition as different from a normal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pratelli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Bartolo Tamburini
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.B.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Giusto Davide Badami
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.B.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Marianna Lo Pizzo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.B.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (D.C.)
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Pérez-Jeldres T, Bustamante ML, Segovia-Melero R, Aguilar N, Magne F, Ascui G, Uribe D, Azócar L, Hernández-Rocha C, Estela R, Silva V, De La Vega A, Arriagada E, Gonzalez M, Onetto GF, Escobar S, Baez P, Zazueta A, Pavez-Ovalle C, Miquel JF, Álvarez-Lobos M. Genotype Prevalence of Lactose Deficiency, Vitamin D Deficiency, and the Vitamin D Receptor in a Chilean Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort: Insights from an Observational Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14866. [PMID: 37834314 PMCID: PMC10573577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactose intolerance (LI) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) have been linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We conducted an observational study in 192 Chilean IBD patients to investigate the prevalence of a specific gene variant (LCT-13910 CC genotype) associated with LI and the prevalence of VDD/Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene variants. Blood samples were analyzed using Illumina's Infinium Global Screening Array. The LCT-13910 CC genotype was found in 61% of IBD patients, similar to Chilean Hispanic controls and lower than Chilean Amerindian controls. The frequency of the LCT-13910-C allele in Chilean IBD patients (0.79) was comparable to the general population and higher than Europeans (0.49). Regarding VDR and VDD variants, in our study, the rs12785878-GG variant was associated with an increased risk of IBD (OR = 2.64, CI = 1.61-4.32; p-value = 0.001). Sixty-one percent of the Chilean IBD cohort have a genetic predisposition to lactose malabsorption, and a significant proportion exhibit genetic variants associated with VDD/VDR. Screening for LI and VDD is crucial in this Latin American IBD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pérez-Jeldres
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago 8360160, Chile (M.G.)
| | - M. Leonor Bustamante
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Fundación Diagnosis, Santiago 7500580, Chile
| | | | - Nataly Aguilar
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago 8360160, Chile (M.G.)
| | - Fabien Magne
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Gabriel Ascui
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Denisse Uribe
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Lorena Azócar
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Cristián Hernández-Rocha
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Ricardo Estela
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago 8360160, Chile (M.G.)
| | - Verónica Silva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago 8360160, Chile (M.G.)
| | - Andrés De La Vega
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago 8360160, Chile (M.G.)
| | - Elizabeth Arriagada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago 8360160, Chile (M.G.)
| | - Mauricio Gonzalez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago 8360160, Chile (M.G.)
| | - Gian-Franco Onetto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago 8360160, Chile (M.G.)
| | - Sergio Escobar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago 8360160, Chile (M.G.)
| | - Pablo Baez
- Center of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Alejandra Zazueta
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Carolina Pavez-Ovalle
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Juan Francisco Miquel
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Manuel Álvarez-Lobos
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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Aziz T, Khan AA, Tzora A, Voidarou CC, Skoufos I. Dietary Implications of the Bidirectional Relationship between the Gut Microflora and Inflammatory Diseases with Special Emphasis on Irritable Bowel Disease: Current and Future Perspective. Nutrients 2023; 15:2956. [PMID: 37447285 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is vital for safeguarding the human body against infections and inflammatory diseases. The role of diet and meal patterns in modulating immune function is complex, and highlighting this topic is crucial for identifying potential ways to improve immune health. In Europe, the Mediterranean diet and Western diet are the most common dietary patterns, and gaining an understanding of how they affect immune function is essential for public health. There are numerous inflammatory diseases that are observed in younger and older people. Some of the common diseases include polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), vasculitis, sarcopenia, cirrhosis, cancer, and fibromyalgia, but the main focus in this review article is on irritable bowel disease (IBD). In general, dietary choices can have an immense impact on the microbial flora of the gut in people with inflammatory diseases. The intake of Mediterranean-style foods promotes the growth of healthy bacteria that enhances the function of the immune system. On the other hand, it is mostly seen that the intake of Western-style foods leads to the growth of harmful gut bacteria that contributes to inflammation and disease development by weakening the immune system. Additionally, inflammation in the gut can impact brain function, leading to mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Rare inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and sarcoidosis, are of main interest in this article. All the above-mentioned common and rare inflammatory diseases have a certain relationship with the microbiota of the gut. The gut microbiome plays a significant role in IBD; fiber and prebiotic interventions may represent promising adjunct therapies for pediatric IBD by targeting the gut microbiome. By advancing a good overall arrangement of microorganisms in the stomach through dietary mediations, working on the side effects and alleviating of diseases might be conceivable. The gut microbiota can be affected differently by various dietary fatty acid types. There is also an involvement of genetics in the progression of IBD, such as transcriptional factors, and one gene of interest is the LCT gene, which encodes for lactase, an enzyme responsible for digesting lactose in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Aziz
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Ayaz Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Athina Tzora
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Chrysa Voidarou
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Ioannis Skoufos
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
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Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, Elbeltagi R. Cow's milk-induced gastrointestinal disorders: From infancy to adulthood. World J Clin Pediatr 2022; 11:437-454. [PMID: 36439902 PMCID: PMC9685681 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i6.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk is related to many gastrointestinal disorders from the cradle to the grave due to the many milk ingredients that can trigger gastrointestinal discomfort and disorders. Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common food allergy, especially in infancy and childhood, which may persist into adulthood. There are three main types of CMPA; immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated CMPA, non-IgE-mediated CMPA, and mixed type. CMPA appears before the first birthday in almost all cases. Symptoms may start even during the neonatal period and can be severe enough to simulate neonatal sepsis. CMPA (often non-IgE mediated) can present with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, eosinophilic esophagitis, hemorrhagic gastritis, food protein-induced protein-losing enteropathy, and food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. Most CMPAs are benign and outgrown during childhood. CMPA is not as common in adults as in children, but when present, it is usually severe with a protracted course. Lactose intolerance is a prevalent condition characterized by the development of many symptoms related to the consumption of foods containing lactose. Lactose intolerance has four typical types: Developmental, congenital, primary, and secondary. Lactose intolerance and CMPA may be the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms for many functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adults. They are also common in inflammatory bowel diseases. Milk consumption may have preventive or promoter effects on cancer development. Milk may also become a source of microbial infection in humans, causing a wide array of diseases, and may help increase the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. This editorial summarizes the common milk-related disorders and their symptoms from childhood to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Algharbia, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology Section, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 26671, Bahrain
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology Section, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Algharbia, Egypt
- Department of Chest Diseases, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Reem Elbeltagi
- Department of Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busiateen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
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Rutkowska J, Antoniewska-Krzeska A, Żbikowska A, Cazón P, Vázquez M. Volatile Composition and Sensory Profile of Lactose-Free Kefir, and Its Acceptability by Elderly Consumers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175386. [PMID: 36080153 PMCID: PMC9457958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactose-free products are crucial in the diet of lactose-intolerant elderly consumers, one of them being kefir due to its unique chemical composition and diversity of valuable microflora. The study aimed at determining the volatile compound profile and the corresponding sensory attributes of lactose-free kefir (LFK) as compared with the traditional one (TK). The perception of main sensory attributes and hedonic acceptability of LFK by elderly were also studied. The LFK contained two times more ketones, especially 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and 2,3-butanedione, that probably contributed to the high intensity of creamy aroma. A substantial share of acetic acid in LFK was not associated with high intensity of sour aroma, probably being masked by the creamy aroma, perceived as dominating. LFK was sensed as sweeter and more milky than the traditional one. The intense sweet taste of LFK was due to higher amounts of glucose and galactose than in TK, and was perceived as “just about right” by 63% of elderly subjects in the just-about-right (JAR) scale. The lower acidity of LFK than that of TK, assayed both instrumentally and by sensory assessment, was highly appreciated by 73% of elderly subjects as “just about right” in JAR scale. These two taste attributes dominated in liking the lactose-free kefir by elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslawa Rutkowska
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska st.159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Agata Antoniewska-Krzeska
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska st.159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Żbikowska
- Institute of Food Sciences, Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Division of Fat and Oils and Food Concentrates Technology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska st.159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patricia Cazón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Murtagh A, Cooney L, Higginbotham C, Heavey P. Dietary practices, beliefs and behaviours of adults with inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study. Ir J Med Sci 2022:10.1007/s11845-022-03097-5. [PMID: 35840827 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-03097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely accepted that there is an association between diet and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Diet may play a role in disease pathogenesis but also in treatment and management of IBD. There is an increased interest in dietary aspects of people with IBD. AIMS To investigate dietary practices, beliefs and behaviours of adults with IBD in Ireland. METHODS An online questionnaire was adapted to explore dietary practices, beliefs and behaviours of people with IBD, and to identify any dietary modifications made due to their IBD. RESULTS A total of 475 participants (female n = 354, male n = 121) took part in this study, 62% had Crohn's disease and 38% had ulcerative colitis. Dietary restrictions were imposed in the hope of preventing a relapse by 85% of participants. The most reported foods avoided included fatty foods (68%), spicy foods (64%) and raw vegetables or fruit (58%). Low fibre white plain foods (74%) appeared to improve symptoms during a relapse. Participant's appetites were higher during remission (8.36, SD = ± 1.95), compared to during relapse (3.71, SD = ± 2.32) (P ≤ 0.001). Almost three-quarters (73%) avoided the same menu as others living in their household and 56% avoided eating out to prevent or for fear of causing a relapse. Additionally, 70% avoided food or drink they liked to try prevent a relapse. CONCLUSION These findings provide important insights into the dietary practices, beliefs and behaviours of adults with IBD. Its evident diet plays an important role, and our findings reiterate the importance of patient education and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Murtagh
- SHE (Sport, Health and Exercise) Research Group, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, N37 HD68, Westmeath, Ireland.
| | - Lorraine Cooney
- Blackrock Clinic, Rock Road, BlackRock, Dublin, A94E4X7, Ireland
| | - Clement Higginbotham
- SHE (Sport, Health and Exercise) Research Group, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, N37 HD68, Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Patricia Heavey
- SHE (Sport, Health and Exercise) Research Group, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, N37 HD68, Westmeath, Ireland
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An acid-tolerant and cold-active β-galactosidase potentially suitable to process milk and whey samples. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3599-3610. [PMID: 35590081 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel β-galactosidase gene (galM) was cloned from an aquatic habitat metagenome. The analysis of its translated sequence (GalM) revealed its phylogenetic closeness towards Verrucomicrobia sp. The sequence comparison and homology structure analysis designated it a member of GH42 family. The three-dimensional homology model of GalM depicted a typical (β/α)8 TIM-barrel containing the catalytic core. The gene (galM) was expressed in a heterologous host, Escherichia coli, and the purified protein (GalM) was subjected to biochemical characterization. It displayed β-galactosidase activity in a wide range of pH (2.0 to 9.0) and temperature (4 to 60 °C). The heat exposed protein showed considerable stability at 40 and 50 °C, with the half-life of about 100 h and 35 h, respectively. The presence of Na, Mg, K, Ca, and Mn metals was favorable to the catalytic efficiency of GalM, which is a desirable catalytic feature, as these metals exist in milk. It showed remarkable tolerance of glucose and galactose in the reaction. Furthermore, GalM discerned transglycosylation activity that is useful in galacto-oligosaccharides' production. These biochemical properties specify the suitability of this biocatalyst for milk and whey processing applications. KEY POINTS: • A novel β-galactosidase gene was identified and characterized from an aquatic habitat. • It was active in extreme acidic to mild alkaline pH and at cold to moderate temperatures. • The β-galactosidase was capable to hydrolyze lactose in milk and whey.
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12
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Personalized Nutrition in the Management of Female Infertility: New Insights on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091918. [PMID: 35565885 PMCID: PMC9105997 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence on the significance of nutrition in reproduction is emerging from both animal and human studies, suggesting a mutual association between nutrition and female fertility. Different “fertile” dietary patterns have been studied; however, in humans, conflicting results or weak correlations are often reported, probably because of the individual variations in genome, proteome, metabolome, and microbiome and the extent of exposure to different environmental conditions. In this scenario, “precision nutrition”, namely personalized dietary patterns based on deep phenotyping and on metabolomics, microbiome, and nutrigenetics of each case, might be more efficient for infertile patients than applying a generic nutritional approach. In this review, we report on new insights into the nutritional management of infertile patients, discussing the main nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic, and microbiomic aspects that should be investigated to achieve effective personalized nutritional interventions. Specifically, we will focus on the management of low-grade chronic inflammation, which is associated with several infertility-related diseases.
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Lactose Malabsorption and Presumed Related Disorders: A Review of Current Evidence. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030584. [PMID: 35276940 PMCID: PMC8838180 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Lactose malabsorption (LM) is a frequent clinical problem associated with several digestive and extra-digestive diseases. The aim of this manuscript was to clarify the real clinical impact of LM on these disorders. Methods. A literature search for digestive and extra-digestive disorders related to LM was carried out using PubMed, Medline and Cochrane. Results. A transient lactase deficiency is present in celiac disease (CD) on a normal diet. The persistence of symptoms in CD on a gluten-free diet may be instead, in part, attributed to a primary LM. Similar circumstances are present in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), in which LM can be responsible for a part of persistent symptoms in IBD on clinical remission. LM and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are instead independent conditions. On the other hand, a lactose-restricted diet may be useful for some IBS patients. A reduced lactose intake can lead to low bone mass and limited risk of fragility fractures. Finally, the absorption of levothyroxine could be conditioned by LM. Conclusions. LM can be responsible for persistent symptoms in CD and IBD. The association with IBS seems to be casual. Bone mass and levothyroxine absorption can be affected by LM.
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Milk and Dairy Products: Good or Bad for Human Bone? Practical Dietary Recommendations for the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041329. [PMID: 33920532 PMCID: PMC8072827 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis affects women twice as often as men. Additionally, it is estimated that 0.3 million and 1.7 million people have hip fractures in the USA and Europe, respectively. Having a proper peak bone mass and keeping it as long as possible is especially important for osteoporosis prevention. One of the most important calcium sources is milk and dairy products. Breast milk is the best infant food, but milk should not be avoided later in life to prevent losing bone mass. On the other hand, more and more people limit their milk consumption and consume other dairy or non-dairy products. For example, they are usually replaced with plant beverages, which should be consumed carefully in several age groups. Additionally, an important element of milk and dairy products, as well as plant beverages, are probiotics and prebiotics, which may modulate bone turnover. Dietary recommendations focused on milk, and dairy products are an important element for the prevention of osteoporosis.
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Nardone OM, Manfellotto F, D’Onofrio C, Rocco A, Annona G, Sasso F, De Luca P, Imperatore N, Testa A, de Sire R, Biffali E, Castiglione F. Lactose Intolerance Assessed by Analysis of Genetic Polymorphism, Breath Test and Symptoms in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:1290. [PMID: 33919766 PMCID: PMC8070715 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) restrict dairy products to control their symptoms. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of lactose intolerance assessed with hydrogen breath test (H-BT) in IBD patients in clinical remission compared to a sex, age and BMI matched control population. We further detected the prevalence of three single nucleotide polymorphisms of the lactase (LCT) gene: the lactase non persistence LCT-13910 CC (wildtype) and the intermediate phenotype LCT-22018 CT and LCT-13910 AG; finally, we assess the correlation between genotype and H-BT. A total of 54 IBD patients and 69 control who underwent clinical evaluation, H-BT and genetic test were enrolled. H-BT was positive in 64.8% IBD patients and 62.3% control (p = 0.3). The wild-type genotype was found in 85.2% IBD patients while CT-22018, AG-13910 and CT-22018/AG-13910 polymorphisms were found in 9.3%, 1.8% and 3.7%. In the control group, the wild-type genotype, CT-22018, AG-13910 and CT-22018/AG-13910 polymorphisms were found in 87%, 5.8%, 5.8% and 1.4% of cases, respectively. Therefore, the wild-type and polymorphisms' prevalence did not differ between IBD population and control group (85.2% vs. 87%, p = 0.1) (14.8% vs. 13%, p = 0.7). The correlation between positive H-BT and genetic analysis showed that the wild-type genotype was associated with higher rate of lactose intolerance in the total population (OR 5.31, 95%CI 1.73-16.29, p = 0.003) and in the IBD (OR 7.61, 95%CI 1.36-42.7, p = 0.02). The prevalence of lactose intolerance in IBD patients did not differ from that of control. Despite suggestive symptoms, about 1/3 of IBD patients are not lactose intolerant, thus not needing "a priori" elimination diet. This may encourage a rationale and balanced dietary management in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Maria Nardone
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (A.R.); (F.S.); (A.T.); (R.d.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Manfellotto
- Sequencing and Molecular Analyses Center, RIMAR Department, Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80122 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (G.A.); (P.D.L.); (E.B.)
| | - Caterina D’Onofrio
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (A.R.); (F.S.); (A.T.); (R.d.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Alba Rocco
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (A.R.); (F.S.); (A.T.); (R.d.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Giovanni Annona
- Sequencing and Molecular Analyses Center, RIMAR Department, Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80122 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (G.A.); (P.D.L.); (E.B.)
| | - Francesca Sasso
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (A.R.); (F.S.); (A.T.); (R.d.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Pasquale De Luca
- Sequencing and Molecular Analyses Center, RIMAR Department, Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80122 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (G.A.); (P.D.L.); (E.B.)
| | - Nicola Imperatore
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, AORN Antonio Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Anna Testa
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (A.R.); (F.S.); (A.T.); (R.d.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Roberto de Sire
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (A.R.); (F.S.); (A.T.); (R.d.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Elio Biffali
- Sequencing and Molecular Analyses Center, RIMAR Department, Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80122 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (G.A.); (P.D.L.); (E.B.)
| | - Fabiana Castiglione
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.); (A.R.); (F.S.); (A.T.); (R.d.S.); (F.C.)
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