Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Stomatol. Feb 20, 2016; 5(1): 15-21
Published online Feb 20, 2016. doi: 10.5321/wjs.v5.i1.15
Tooth agenesis and craniofacial morphology in pre-orthodontic children with and without morphological deviations in the upper cervical spine
Ashkan Jasemi, Liselotte Sonnesen
Ashkan Jasemi, Liselotte Sonnesen, Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
Author contributions: Jasemi A and Sonnesen L contributed to conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, drafting the article and final approval of this version of the article; furthermore, Sonnesen L had made critical revisions related to important intellectual content of the manuscript.
Supported by Copenhagen University Research Foundation, No. 21-12-2012.
Institutional review board statement: The investigation followed the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (No. 2013-54-0509).
Informed consent statement: This is a retrospective study involving historic material. Common consent has been given at the time of the patients examinations. The investigation followed the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (No. 2013-54-0509).
Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset available from the corresponding author at alson@sund.ku.dk. Participants consent was not obtained but the presented data are anonymized and risk of identification is low.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Dr. Liselotte Sonnesen, PhD, Dr. Odont, Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 20 Nørre Allé, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. alson@sund.ku.dk
Telephone: +45-35-326670
Received: June 24, 2015
Peer-review started: June 25, 2015
First decision: August 26, 2015
Revised: October 23, 2015
Accepted: December 1, 2015
Article in press: December 2, 2015
Published online: February 20, 2016
Processing time: 218 Days and 22.8 Hours
Abstract

AIM: To analyze differences in prevalence and pattern of tooth agenesis and craniofacial morphology between non syndromic children with tooth agenesis with and without upper cervical spine morphological deviations and to analyze associations between craniofacial morphology and tooth agenesis in the two groups together.

METHODS: One hundred and twenty-six pre-orthodontic children with tooth agenesis were divided into two groups with (19 children, mean age 11.9) and without (107 children, mean age 11.4) upper spine morphological deviations. Visual assessment of upper spine morphology and measurements of craniofacial morphology were performed on lateral cephalograms. Tooth agenesis was evaluated from orthopantomograms.

RESULTS: No significant differences in tooth agenesis and craniofacial morphology were found between children with and without upper spine morphological deviations (2.2 ± 1.6 vs 1.94 ± 1.2, P > 0.05) but a tendency to a different tooth agenesis pattern were seen in children with morphological deviations in the upper spine. In the total group tooth agenesis was associated with the cranial base angle (n-s-ba, r = 0.23, P < 0.01), jaw angle (ML/RLar, r = 0.19, P < 0.05), mandibular inclination (NSL/ML, r = -0.21, P < 0.05), mandibular prognathia (s-n-pg, r = 0.25, P < 0.01), sagittal jaw relationship (ss-n-pg, r = -0.23, P < 0.5), overjet (r = -0.23, P < 0.05) and overbite (r = -0.25, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: Etiology of tooth agenesis in children with upper spine morphological deviations was discussed. The results may be valuable for the early diagnosis and treatment planning of non syndromic children with tooth agenesis.

Keywords: Children; Tooth agenesis; Upper cervical spine morphology; Craniofacial morphology

Core tip: Tooth agenesis and craniofacial morphology was examined in non syndromic children with upper cervical spine morphological deviations. No significant differences in tooth agenesis and craniofacial morphology were found between children with and without upper spine morphological deviations, but a non-significant tendency of a different tooth agenesis pattern between the groups was seen. In the total group significant associations between tooth agenesis and craniofacial morphology were found. A different aetiology for tooth agenesis in children with morphological deviations in the upper spine was suggested. The results may be valuable for the early diagnosis and treatment planning of non syndromic children with tooth agenesis.