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Sadhukhan S, Patra S, Gadepalli R, Kaur M. An unusual co-reactivation of herpes genitalis and shingles in a young male with primary genital herpes in partner. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:487-489. [PMID: 38261739 DOI: 10.1177/09564624241229463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the most common cause of genital ulcers in industrialized countries. Herpes zoster (HZ) is an acute, cutaneous viral infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old male presented with painful vesicles over the trunk for the last 5 days with painful genital erosions for the last 2 days. His spouse also developed painful genital erosions with systemic complaints for the last 2 days. VZV Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) from trunk vesicles and type-specific anti-HSV antibody from serum were positive from the index case. DISCUSSION Here, we report an unusual case of co-reactivation of herpes zoster and genitalis in an immunocompetent male. We recommend the use of molecular testing to confirm the diagnosis of VZV or HSV infection in all cases of genital herpes-like lesions to exclude multi-segmental herpes zoster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Sadhukhan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Suman Patra
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Ravisekhar Gadepalli
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Maninder Kaur
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Peters JPM, van Kempen PMW, Robijn SMM, Thomeer HGXM. Angina Bullosa Hemorrhagica: Post-traumatic Swelling in the Oral Cavity—A Case Report. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206820913696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angina bullosa hemorrhagica (ABH) is a rare, benign disorder characterized by one or multiple blood-filled blisters in the oral cavity (mainly soft palate, and sometimes oropharynx) with a sudden onset, that may lead to a potentially threatened airway. The most common hypothesis of its unknown origin is mild trauma. This lesion can easily be confused with other mucosal diseases or hematological disorders. Knowledge of the condition is important for correct diagnosis and treatment. Incision of the bulla, intubation, or even tracheotomy may be indicated. Here we present a case of 35-year-old woman with a complaint of dysphagia without dyspnea. During oral examination, a blue and/or purple blister on the soft palate was present. On endoscopic examination, an edematous uvula was observed, without other abnormalities. Eventually, the blister ruptured spontaneously and healed within one week without any sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen P. M. Peters
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline M. W. van Kempen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren M. M. Robijn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans G. X. M. Thomeer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gerada C, Campbell TM, Kennedy JJ, McSharry BP, Steain M, Slobedman B, Abendroth A. Manipulation of the Innate Immune Response by Varicella Zoster Virus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1. [PMID: 32038653 PMCID: PMC6992605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster). VZV and other members of the herpesvirus family are distinguished by their ability to establish a latent infection, with the potential to reactivate and spread virus to other susceptible individuals. This lifelong relationship continually subjects VZV to the host immune system and as such VZV has evolved a plethora of strategies to evade and manipulate the immune response. This review will focus on our current understanding of the innate anti-viral control mechanisms faced by VZV. We will also discuss the diverse array of strategies employed by VZV to regulate these innate immune responses and highlight new knowledge on the interactions between VZV and human innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Gerada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tessa M Campbell
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jarrod J Kennedy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian P McSharry
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan Steain
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Barry Slobedman
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Allison Abendroth
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Naji E, Fadajan Z, Afshar D, Fazeli M. Comparison of Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method with SYBR Green Real-Time RT-PCR and Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test for Diagnosis of Rabies. Jpn J Infect Dis 2019; 73:19-25. [PMID: 31474697 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2019.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rabies as an endemic disease in most Asian and African countries, especially in remote areas, and requires a reliable diagnostic method. This study aimed to develop a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method for rapid detection of rabies virus RNA in the brain samples, compared to SYBR Green real time RT-PCR test as a molecular technique and direct fluorescent antibody test as a serological method. In this study, RT-LAMP was developed to diagnose rabies. Six primers were designed based on the nucleoprotein (N) of rabies virus. The sensitivity and specificity of SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR and RT-LAMP methods were also determined.RT-LAMP was optimized at 58 ℃ for 60 min. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-LAMP and SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR were 91.2% and 84.2%, and 94.12% and 88.9%, respectively. The slight difference between the sensitivity and specificity of RT-LAMP and that of SYBR Green Real-Time RT-PCR demonstrated that RT-LAMP could be used as a reliable and cost-effective method for the diagnosis of rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Naji
- The National Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran
| | - Zohreh Fadajan
- The National Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran
| | - Davoud Afshar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Maryam Fazeli
- The National Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran
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Wong YP, Othman S, Lau YL, Radu S, Chee HY. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): a versatile technique for detection of micro-organisms. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:626-643. [PMID: 29165905 PMCID: PMC7167136 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) amplifies DNA with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity under isothermal conditions by using a DNA polymerase with high displacement strand activity and a set of specifically designed primers to amplify targeted DNA strands. Following its first discovery by Notomi et al. (2000Nucleic Acids Res 28: E63), LAMP was further developed over the years which involved the combination of this technique with other molecular approaches, such as reverse transcription and multiplex amplification for the detection of infectious diseases caused by micro‐organisms in humans, livestock and plants. In this review, available types of LAMP techniques will be discussed together with their applications in detection of various micro‐organisms. Up to date, there are varieties of LAMP detection methods available including colorimetric and fluorescent detection, real‐time monitoring using turbidity metre and detection using lateral flow device which will also be highlighted in this review. Apart from that, commercialization of LAMP technique had also been reported such as lyophilized form of LAMP reagents kit and LAMP primer sets for detection of pathogenic micro‐organisms. On top of that, advantages and limitations of this molecular detection method are also described together with its future potential as a diagnostic method for infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-P Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - S Othman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Y-L Lau
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Radu
- Centre of Excellence for Food Safety Research (FOSREC), Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - H-Y Chee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Thomasini RL, Pereira FSM. Impact of different types of herpesviral infections in the oral cavity. World J Stomatol 2016; 5:22-27. [DOI: 10.5321/wjs.v5.i2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The herpesviruses are ubiquitous, doubled-stranded DNA viruses that can reactivate under conditions such as immunosuppressive therapy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, malnutrition, and immunosenescence. There are eight types of herpesviruses: Human herpesvirus simplex (HSV) type I (HSV-1) and HSV type II (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus (HHV)-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8 or Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus. Some of these viruses can infect the oral cavity, leading to different types of lesions. Specifically, labial herpes (HSV-1 and less frequently HSV-2), zoster (VZV), infectious mononucleosis and oral hairy leukoplakia (EBV), and Kaposi’s Sarcoma (HHV-8) are the most common viruses infecting the oral cavity. Some of these viruses can act in synergy with other herpesviruses or as distinct infectious agents. Other herpesviruses may have indirect effects in periodontal disease. The diagnosis is frequently based on signs and symptoms and depends on the experience of the examiner. Cytopathologic and/or histopathologic examination as well as immunological methods such as ELISA could help to elucidate cases. In addition, molecular techniques which can be sensitive and specific have been reported in the literature. These methods require low amounts of sample and could offer results faster than other traditional methods.
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