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World J Respirol. May 26, 2023; 12(1): 1-9
Published online May 26, 2023. doi: 10.5320/wjr.v12.i1.1
Monoclonal antibody for COVID-19: Unveiling the recipe of a new cocktail
Jyoti Bajpai, Surya Kant, Ajay Kumar Verma, Akshyaya Pradhan
Jyoti Bajpai, Surya Kant, Ajay Kumar Verma, Department ofRespiratory Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
Akshyaya Pradhan, Department ofCardiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
Author contributions: Bajpai J conceptualised the article design; Bajpai J, Pradhan A, and Verma AK searched the literature; Bajpai J and Pradhan A drafted the manuscript; Critical revision was conducted by Kant S, Pradhan A, and Bajpai J.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Jyoti Bajpai, MD, Assistant Professor, Doctor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, E 1204 Shalimar Gallant Mahanagar, Lucknow 226003, India. jyotibajpai33@gmail.com
Received: February 3, 2023
Peer-review started: February 3, 2023
First decision: February 21, 2023
Revised: March 3, 2023
Accepted: May 8, 2023
Article in press: May 8, 2023
Published online: May 26, 2023
Processing time: 112 Days and 5.7 Hours
Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a tremendous adverse impact on the global health system, public sector, and social aspects. It is unarguably the worst pandemic of the century. However, COVID-19 management is a mystery in front of us, and an authentic treatment is urgently needed. Various repurposed drugs, like ivermectin, remdesivir, tocilizumab, baricitinib, etc., have been used to treat COVID-19, but none are promising. Antibody therapy and their combinations are emerging modalities for treating moderate COVID-19, and they have shown the potential to reduce hospitalisations. One antibody monotherapy, bamlanivimab, and two cocktails, casirivimab/imdevimab and bamlanivimab/ esterivimab, have received authorization for emergency use by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of mild COVID-19 in high risk individuals. The European Emergency has made similar recommendations for use of the drug in COVID-19 patients without oxygen therapy. This brief review will focus on monoclonal antibodies and their combination cocktail therapy in managing COVID-19 infection.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Mild COVID-19; Antibodies; Risk factors

Core Tip: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a severe public health emergency that necessitated the rapid development of novel medicines and viral detection technologies. Monoclonal antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein have become an important target for the creation of therapeutic antibodies. The use of antibody cocktails is anticipated to be a key component of an efficient COVID-19 treatment plan because SARS-CoV-2 has a high mutation rate, particularly when subjected to the selection pressure of aggressively applied preventive vaccinations and neutralising antibodies.