Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Obstet Gynecol. Feb 10, 2016; 5(1): 16-27
Published online Feb 10, 2016. doi: 10.5317/wjog.v5.i1.16
Human papilloma virus vaccination: Review article and an update
Zahra Maleki
Zahra Maleki, Department of Pathology, Division of Cytopathology, the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
Author contributions: Maleki Z collected the data and wrote the entire paper without any assistance.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Author declares no conflict of interests for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Zahra Maleki, MD, Assistant Professor of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Division of Cytology, the Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe Street/Pathology 412C, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States. zmaleki1@jhmi.edu
Telephone: +1-410-9551180 Fax: +1-410-6149556
Received: June 30, 2015
Peer-review started: July 5, 2015
First decision: October 13, 2015
Revised: December 15, 2015
Accepted: December 29, 2015
Article in press: January 4, 2016
Published online: February 10, 2016
Processing time: 215 Days and 15.4 Hours
Core Tip

Core tip: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is sexually transmitted in both genders and it is a global issue. High risk HPVs are associated with a variety of cancers and low risk HPVs are associated with genital warts. HPV types 16 and 18 account for 70% of cervical cancer in women. Bivalent (Cervarix), and quadrivalent (Gardasil) vaccines are recommended to prevent HPV 16 and 18 related cancers with additional protective effect of Gardasil against HPV 6 and 11. Herein, HPV-related cancers and their incidences, low risk HPV related neoplasms and HPV vaccines, their efficacy and safety are reviewed. Moreover, the obstacles for global vaccination are addressed.