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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Obstet Gynecol. Jan 20, 2023; 12(1): 1-10
Published online Jan 20, 2023. doi: 10.5317/wjog.v12.i1.1
Published online Jan 20, 2023. doi: 10.5317/wjog.v12.i1.1
What to do when it is breech? A state-of-the-art review on management of breech presentation
Afshin Azimirad, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, United States
Afshin Azimirad, Diabetes Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
Author contributions: Azimirad A contributed to all stages of production of this manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Afshin Azimirad, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
Received: June 24, 2022
Peer-review started: June 24, 2022
First decision: September 5, 2022
Revised: September 15, 2022
Accepted: December 13, 2022
Article in press: December 13, 2022
Published online: January 20, 2023
Processing time: 223 Days and 21.4 Hours
Peer-review started: June 24, 2022
First decision: September 5, 2022
Revised: September 15, 2022
Accepted: December 13, 2022
Article in press: December 13, 2022
Published online: January 20, 2023
Processing time: 223 Days and 21.4 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Breech presentation is a leading indication for cesarean surgery. However, external cephalic version (ECV), with a success chance of above 50%, can be performed at 36 wk of gestation or at 39 wk of gestation in order to convert a non-cephalic presenting fetus to a cephalic presenting. A trial of labor or cesarean delivery can be planned after an unsuccessful ECV. Fetus breech can be delivered by vaginal breech delivery or cesarean delivery. The main objective of this review is to present a broad perspective on fetal malpresentation, ECV, and delivery of a breech fetus.