Kim KK, Chae DS. Nicolau syndrome: A literature review. World J Dermatol 2015; 4(2): 103-107 [DOI: 10.5314/wjd.v4.i2.103]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Dong-Sik Chae, MD, Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, 25, Simgok-ro 100beon-gil, Seo-gu, Incheon 404-834, South Korea. drchaeos@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Dermatology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Dermatol. May 2, 2015; 4(2): 103-107 Published online May 2, 2015. doi: 10.5314/wjd.v4.i2.103
Nicolau syndrome: A literature review
Kwang-Kyoun Kim, Dong-Sik Chae
Kwang-Kyoun Kim, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon 302-718, South Korea
Dong-Sik Chae, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon 404-834, South Korea
Author contributions: Kim KK have contributed to the paper as study conception and design, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of manuscript, critical revision; Chae DS have contributed to the paper as study acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of manuscript, critical revision.
Conflict-of-interest: There is no conflict-of-interest in this paper.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Dong-Sik Chae, MD, Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, 25, Simgok-ro 100beon-gil, Seo-gu, Incheon 404-834, South Korea. drchaeos@gmail.com
Telephone: +82-32-2903878 Fax: +82-32-2903879
Received: September 29, 2014 Peer-review started: October 1, 2014 First decision: November 14, 2014 Revised: February 10, 2015 Accepted: March 18, 2015 Article in press: March 20, 2015 Published online: May 2, 2015 Processing time: 210 Days and 21 Hours
Abstract
Nicolau syndrome (NS) is a rare cutaneous adverse reaction after intra-muscular or intra-articular injection. Clinical features of NS are presented by three typical phases (initial, acute and necrotic phases). The cause of NS is acute vasospasm, inflammation of arteries and thromboembolic occlusion of arteriole related various drugs. Many results of laboratory test, imaging studies and histopathology are reported and are associated with disease status. Three phase treatment is recommended for the patients with NS. Initially pain control and rule out differential diagnosis and in acute phase steroid therapy, heparin and pentoxifylline are useful. In necrotic phase, surgical treatment is needed depending on size of the affected site. NS is not well understood so far, however three phase treatment could lead to good result on basis of literature review.
