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Sahu A, Mahajan A, Palsetia D, Vaish R, Laskar SG, Kumar J, Kamath N, Bhalla AS, Shah D, Sahu A, Agarwal U, Venkatesh A, Ankathi SK, Janu A, Patil V, Kapadia TH, Bal M, Sinha S, Prabhash K, Dcruz AK. Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging and Management of Larynx and Hypopharynx Cancer. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe discussed the imaging recommendations for diagnosis, staging, and management of larynx and hypopharynx cancer. Carcinoma of the larynx is a common cancer, with males being affected more. Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is less common than laryngeal malignancies. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological type. Nonsquamous cell malignant lesions are rare and mostly submucosal lesions. Clinical examination and endoscopy play an integral role in its detection and staging. Imaging also plays a major role in its staging, including local disease extent, nodal and distant metastatic status, as well as to assess response to therapy. Follow-up of treated cases and differentiation of recurrence from post treatment changes can be done on imaging. Early stage disease is treated with single modalities such as radiotherapy or surgery. Advanced disease is treated with multimodality of either chemoradiotherapy or surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Sahu
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhishek Mahajan
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Delnaz Palsetia
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Richa Vaish
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mumbai, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sarbani Ghosh Laskar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyoti Kumar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Namita Kamath
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Southend University Hospital, Southend, United Kingdom
| | - Ashu Seith Bhalla
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Diva Shah
- Departmentof Radiodiagnosis, HCG Cancer Centre, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Sahu
- Department of Neuro and Peripheral Interventional Radiology, Neuro and Peripheral Interventional Radiology, Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ujjwal Agarwal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aditi Venkatesh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suman Kumar Ankathi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit Janu
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vasundhara Patil
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tejas H. Kapadia
- Children's X-ray Department/Academic Unit of Paediatric Radiology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Munita Bal
- Department of Pathology, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shwetabh Sinha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kumar Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A. K. Dcruz
- Department of Oncology, Apollo Hospitals, Tata Memorial Hospital Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Behl I, Calado G, Vishwakarma A, Flint S, Galvin S, Healy CM, Leite Pimentel M, Malkin A, Byrne HJ, Lyng FM. Raman microspectroscopic study for the detection of oral field cancerisation using brush biopsy samples. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000131. [PMID: 32602241 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Field cancerisation (FC) is potentially an underlying cause of poor treatment outcomes of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To explore the phenomenon using Raman microspectroscopy, brush biopsies from the buccal mucosa, tongue, gingiva and alveolus of healthy donors (n = 40) and from potentially malignant lesions (PML) of Dysplasia Clinic patients (n = 40) were examined. Contralateral normal samples (n = 38) were also collected from the patients. Raman spectra were acquired from the nucleus and cytoplasm of each cell, and subjected to partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). High discriminatory accuracy for donor and PML samples was achieved for both cytopalmic and nuclear data sets. Notably, contralateral normal (patient) samples were also accurately discriminated from donor samples and contralateral normal samples from patients with multiple lesions showed a similar spectral profile to PML samples, strongly indicating a FC effect. These findings support the potential of Raman microspectroscopy as a screening tool for PML using oral exfoliated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Behl
- Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Physics, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Genecy Calado
- Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Physics, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anika Vishwakarma
- Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Physics, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Flint
- Oral Medicine Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sheila Galvin
- Oral Medicine Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire M Healy
- Oral Medicine Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marina Leite Pimentel
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison Malkin
- School of Biological Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona M Lyng
- Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Physics, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Wicker CA, Takiar V, Suganya R, Arnold SM, Brill YM, Chen L, Horbinski CM, Napier D, Valentino J, Kudrimoti MR, Yu G, Izumi T. Evaluation of antioxidant network proteins as novel prognostic biomarkers for head and neck cancer patients. Oral Oncol 2020; 111:104949. [PMID: 32801084 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recurrence rates for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) approach 50% at 5 years. Current staging fails to identify patients with a worse prognosis who might benefit from intensified treatment, which warrants improved prognostic biomarkers. The purpose of this retrospective case study is to identify potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with HNSCC including APE1 (DNA repair/redox gene regulator), NRF2 and PPARGC1A (redox gene regulators), SOD3 and DCN (antioxidant proteins). MATERIALS AND METHODS Differential protein expression between benign, carcinoma in situ (CIS), and invasive HNSCC tissue specimens from 77 patients was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Protein expression was analyzed with multivariate, pair-wise, and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses to identify potential prognostic biomarkers. Utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas's transcriptome database, pair-wise and survival analysis was performed to identify potential prognostic biomarkers. RESULTS APE1, NRF2, PPARGC1A, SOD3, and DCN expression in HNSCC in relation to, lymph node invasion, and patient survival were examined. Elevated APE1 protein expression in CIS corresponded with reduced survival (p = 0.0243). Increased APE1 gene expression in stage T4a HNSCC was associated with reduced patient survival (p < 0.015). Increased PPARGC1A in invasive tumor correlated with reduced survival (p = 0.0281). Patients with lymph node invasion at diagnosis had significantly increased APE1 protein in the primary sites (p < 0.05). Patients with poorly differentiated invasive tumors had reduced PPARGC1A in CIS proximal to the invasive tumor and had elevated DCN and SOD3 in proximal benign tissue (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The expression of APE1, DCN, and SOD3 is a potential prognostic signature that identifies patients with worsened survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Wicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Vinita Takiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rangaswamy Suganya
- Houston Eye Associates, Clinical Research Department, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Susanne M Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yolanda M Brill
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dana Napier
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Joseph Valentino
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Mahesh R Kudrimoti
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- F. Joseph Halcomb III M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Tadahide Izumi
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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Valenti F, Sacconi A, Ganci F, Grasso G, Strano S, Blandino G, Di Agostino S. The miR-205-5p/BRCA1/RAD17 Axis Promotes Genomic Instability in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1347. [PMID: 31514456 PMCID: PMC6771082 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective DNA damage response (DDR) is frequently associated with tumorigenesis. Abrogation of DDR leads to genomic instability, which is one of the most common characteristics of human cancers. TP53 mutations with gain-of-function activity are associated with tumors under high replicative stress, high genomic instability, and reduced patient survival. The BRCA1 and RAD17 genes encode two pivotal DNA repair proteins required for proper cell-cycle regulation and maintenance of genomic stability. We initially evaluated whether miR-205-5p, a microRNA (miRNA) highly expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), targeted BRCA1 and RAD17 expression. We found that, in vitro and in vivo, BRCA1 and RAD17 are targets of miR-205-5p in HNSCC, leading to inefficient DNA repair and increased chromosomal instability. Conversely, miR-205-5p downregulation increased BRCA1 and RAD17 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, leading to a reduction in in vivo tumor growth. Interestingly, miR-205-5p expression was significantly anti-correlated with BRCA1 and RAD17 targets. Furthermore, we documented that miR-205-5p expression was higher in tumoral and peritumoral HNSCC tissues than non-tumoral tissues in patients exhibiting reduced local recurrence-free survival. Collectively, these findings unveil miR-205-5p's notable role in determining genomic instability in HNSCC through its selective targeting of BRCA1 and RAD17 gene expression. High miR-205-5p levels in the peritumoral tissues might be relevant for the early detection of minimal residual disease and pre-cancer molecular alterations involved in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Valenti
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ganci
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grasso
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Molecular Chemoprevention Group, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Di Agostino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy.
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Emre S. Actinic keratosis and field cancerization. World J Dermatol 2016; 5:115-124. [DOI: 10.5314/wjd.v5.i2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While actinic keratoses (AKs) have been considered precancerous until recently for being able to turn into squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), it is now agreed that it would be more appropriate to call them cancerous. Although not all AKs turn into SCC and some of them may even have a spontaneous regression, there is an obvious association between SCC and AK. Approximately 90% of SCs have been reported to develop from AKs and AKs are the preinvasive form of SCCs. The presence of two or more AKs on a photodamaged skin is an indicator of field cancerization and represents an increased risk of invasive SCC. All lesions should be treated since it cannot be foreseen which of the lesions will regress and which will progress to SCC. AK can be a single lesion or it can involve multiple lesions in a field of cancerization; thus, AK treatment is grouped under two headings: (1) Lesion-specific treatment; and (2) Field-targeted treatment. Lesion-specific treatments are practicable in patients with a small number of clinically visible and isolated lesions. These treatments including cryotherapy, surgical excision, shave excision, curettage and laser are based on physical destruction of the visible lesions. Field-targeted treatments are effective in the treatment of visible lesions, subclinical lesions and keratinocyte changes in the areas surrounding the visible lesions. Field targeted treatment options are topical imiquimod cream, 5% 5-fluorouracil cream, ingenol mebutate, diclofenac gel, resimiquimod and photodynamic therapy.
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Queiroz CJDS, Nakata CMDAG, Solito E, Damazo AS. Relationship between HPV and the biomarkers annexin A1 and p53 in oropharyngeal cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2014; 9:13. [PMID: 24782913 PMCID: PMC4003510 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is often present in oropharyngeal cancers. Head and neck tumors have been examined for other molecular markers including p53 and annexin A1 (ANXA1). Here, we investigated the prevalence of HPV and its relationship with p53 and ANXA1 in patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Methods We have analyzed tumor and adjacent mucosa from 22 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx in addition to samples of the oropharyngeal epithelium in subjects without cancer. We evaluated the presence of the HPV (subtypes 16/18 and 31/33) by chromogenic in situ hybridization. Additionally, we used immunofluorescence to examine the expression of p16, p53, ANXA1 and the phosphorylation of the ANXA1 residues Ser27 (ANXA1-SER) and Tyr21 (ANXA1-TYR). Results We have detected the presence of HPV genome in 59% of the 22 tumors. Of those, 92% were also positive for p16 immunostaining. Furthermore, we demonstrated a reduction in the expression of p53 in HPV + compared to HPV- tumors. Also, a reduction was observed in the expression of ANXA1 in tumors compared to epithelium from the margins and from controls. We also noted a reduction in ANXA1-TYR in tumors. However, the expression of both ANXA1 and ANXA1-SER were elevated in the margins of the HPV + versus HPV- tumors. Conclusions Our results confirm a high prevalence of HPV in oropharyngeal cancer and a reduction in p53 expression in HPV + tumors. We observed a hypoexpression of ANXA1 and ANXA1-TYR in oropharyngeal cancer. The increase in ANXA1-SER in the margins of HPV + tumors suggests that the epithelium in these cases had been activated by an infectious agent. Those findings indicate that ANXA1 and its phosphorylated forms can play important roles in the response to HPV infection and the carcinogenesis of the oropharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleberson Jean Dos Santos Queiroz
- Post-Graduation in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine (FM), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Mato Grosso, MT 78060-900, Brazil ; Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK ; Henry Wellcome Laboratory, University of Liverpool, 1st Floor, Nuffield Building, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Cíntia Mara de Amorim Gomes Nakata
- Post-Graduation in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine (FM), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Mato Grosso, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Amílcar Sabino Damazo
- Post-Graduation in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine (FM), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Mato Grosso, MT 78060-900, Brazil ; Department of Basic Science in Health; Faculty of Medicine (FM), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Mato Grosso, MT 78060-900, Brazil
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