Spinal alignment evolution with age: A prospective gait analysis study

Figure 1 Gait analysis model used for trunk motion assessment. Retroflective markers were placed according to anatomical landmarks, such as described by Blondel et al[13] (Table 1). Six markers were used for spine motion.

Figure 2 Sagittal vertical axis and angle pelvis-acromion. A: SVA was defined as the distance between the marker “S1” and the vertical line passing by the marker “C7”. This parameter reflects trunk position during gait: A great value of SVA indicates that the trunk is leaning forward; B: APA was defined as the angle between the line joining the 2 “Acromion” markers and the line joining the 2 “anterosuperior iliac spine” markers. SVA: Sagittal vertical axis; APA: Angle pelvis-acromion.

Figure 3 Continuous analysis of kinematic parameters according to the age. A: TA; B: LA; C: SVA. TA: Thoracic angle; LA: Lumbar angle; SVA: Sagittal vertical axis.

Figure 4 Continuous analysis of angle pelvis-acromion-rom according to the age. APA: Angle pelvis-acromion.

Figure 5 Sagittal kinetic parameters of the trunk according to the age. A: TL; B: LS. Frontal plane constraints are relative to flexion-extension movements. TL: Thoracolumbar; LS: Lumbosacral.

Figure 6 Transversal kinetic parameters of the trunk according to the age (continuous analysis). Transversal plane constraints are relative to torsional movements of the trunk. TL: Thoracolumbar; LS: Lumbosacral.