Bone regeneration with osteogenic matrix cell sheet and tricalcium phosphate: An experimental study in sheep

Figure 1 Macroscopic appearance of a sheep osteogenic matrix cell sheet (A), the cell sheet was easily detached from the culture surface using a scraper (B and C). Macroscopic appearance of β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) wrapped with a bone marrow cell sheet.

Figure 2 Alkaline phosphatase activity (A) and osteocalcin levels (B) in the culture medium of the bone marrow cell sheet, positive control and negative control groups in the in vitro study. ^aThe alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin (OC) levels in the cell sheet and positive control groups were significantly higher than those in the negative control group.

Figure 3 Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections at 4 wk after implantation into the subcutaneous layer of athymic rats. A low-magnification image of a β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) disc without the cell sheet shows poor bone formation (A and B). Conversely, a high level of bone formation is visible in and around TCP wrapped with an osteogenic matrix cell sheet cultured in minimum essential medium containing ascorbic acid and dexamethasone (C and D). Asterisks indicate bone tissue.

Figure 4 Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections at 4 wk after implantation into the subcutaneous layer of the donor sheep. A low-magnification image of a β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) disc without the cell sheet shows poor bone formation (A and B) whereas relatively high level of bone formation is visible in and around TCP wrapped with an osteogenic matrix cell sheet cultured in minimum essential medium containing ascorbic acid and dexamethasone (C and D). Asterisks indicate bone tissue.