Novel association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoporosis: A prospective cross-sectional study

Figure 1 Association between bone mineral density and forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity percentage. Figure 1 demonstrates a significant positive correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity percentage (FVC%), especially pronounced when the BMD was below 128.08 mg/cm³. This suggests that an increase in bone density may be related to better lung function. Additionally, the data revealed a non-linear relationship, indicating that beyond a certain threshold, the effect of increasing BMD on improving lung function is diminished.