Case Report
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Orthop. Jun 18, 2019; 10(6): 247-254
Published online Jun 18, 2019. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v10.i6.247
Bilateral sequential femoral neck stress fractures in young adult with HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy: A case report
Saisunder Shashank Chaganty, Deeptiman James
Saisunder Shashank Chaganty, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
Deeptiman James, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
Author contributions: Chaganty SS and James D contributed equally to this work; Deeptiman J designed methodology and provided patient data; Chaganty SS performed literature review; and Chaganty SS and Deeptiman J analysed literature and wrote the manuscript.
Informed consent statement: The patient provided informed written consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have no conflicts of interest to report.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Saisunder Shashank Chaganty, MBBS, Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, 16 Research Way, Plymouth Science Park, Plymouth PL6 8BU, United Kingdom. saisunder.chaganty@students.plymouth.ac.uk
Telephone: +0044-7952831648
Received: January 25, 2019
Peer-review started: January 25, 2019
First decision: March 14, 2019
Revised: April 13, 2019
Accepted: May 21, 2019
Article in press: May 23, 2019
Published online: June 18, 2019
Core Tip

Core tip: Stress fractures of the femoral neck among young adults are extremely rare. They usually result from either fatigue or predisposing conditions that give rise to weakened bones. We present a case of bilateral sequential femoral neck stress fractures in a young adult with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the absence of comorbidities. Several mechanisms of HIV/ART induced osteopenia and osteoporosis are indicated to have played a role in predisposing our case towards such a presentation. Our case study adds to the paucity of evidence exploring the association between HIV/ART and reduced bone mineral density. Our case highlights the need for screening and prophylactic treatment for osteopenia and osteoporosis coexisting with HIV infection and ART.