Editorial
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Orthop. Oct 18, 2021; 12(10): 727-731
Published online Oct 18, 2021. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v12.i10.727
Mixed reality for visualization of orthopedic surgical anatomy
Dimitrios Chytas, Vasileios S Nikolaou
Dimitrios Chytas, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Peloponnese, Sparta 23100, Greece
Vasileios S Nikolaou, 2nd Department of Orthopedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15124, Greece
Author contributions: Chytas D collected the data and wrote the original draft; Nikolaou VS critically reviewed and edited the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Vasileios S Nikolaou, MD, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor, 2nd Department of Orthopedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 21 Dimitriou Ralli Str, Marousi, Athens 15124, Greece. vassilios.nikolaou@gmail.com
Received: March 18, 2021
Peer-review started: March 18, 2021
First decision: June 7, 2021
Revised: June 16, 2021
Accepted: August 30, 2021
Article in press: August 30, 2021
Published online: October 18, 2021
Processing time: 209 Days and 9.7 Hours
Abstract

In the modern era, preoperative planning is substantially facilitated by artificial reality technologies, which permit a better understanding of patient anatomy, thus increasing the safety and accuracy of surgical interventions. In the field of orthopedic surgery, the increase in safety and accuracy improves treatment quality and orthopedic patient outcomes. Artificial reality technologies, which include virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), use digital images obtained from computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. VR replaces the user’s physical environment with one that is computer generated. AR and MR have been defined as technologies that permit the fusing of the physical with the virtual environment, enabling the user to interact with both physical and virtual objects. MR has been defined as a technology that, in contrast to AR, enables users to visualize the depth and perspective of the virtual models. We aimed to shed light on the role that MR can play in the visualization of orthopedic surgical anatomy. The literature suggests that MR could be a valuable tool in orthopedic surgeon’s hands for visualization of the anatomy. However, we remark that confusion exists in the literature concerning the characteristics of MR. Thus, a more clear description of MR is needed in orthopedic research, so that the potential of this technology can be more deeply understood.

Keywords: Orthopedic surgery; Mixed reality; Anatomy; Augmented reality; Three-dimensional visualization technologies; Artificial reality technologies

Core Tip: Mixed reality could be a valuable tool in orthopedic surgeon’s hands for visualization of anatomy, but a more clear description of this technology is needed in the orthopedic literature.