Published online Oct 18, 2020. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v11.i10.418
Peer-review started: March 30, 2020
First decision: June 7, 2020
Revised: June 26, 2020
Accepted: August 24, 2020
Article in press: August 24, 2020
Published online: October 18, 2020
Processing time: 202 Days and 11.6 Hours
The incidence of primary osteoarthritis knee is gradually increasing among young individuals. The increasing prevalence of obesity, sedentary lifestyle, sporting activity, and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been hypothesized for this shifting disease trend. This study was designed to look for the association of serum vitamin D among these young arthritic patients.
To look for the association of serum vitamin D in younger knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients.
In a 2-year observational study, 146 non-obese KOA patients of 35-60 years were evaluated clinically (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, KOOS) and radiologically (Kellegren-Lawrence stage, KL). The serum 25(OH)D level of these patients and 146 normal healthy individuals of same age group were estimated.
Both the groups were comparable in terms of age and sex. The average serum 25(OH)D level in healthy individuals and KOA patients was 45.83 ng/mL and 34.58 ng/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). Inadequate serum 25(OH)D level (< 30 ng/mL) was found in 46.57% of KOA patients and 24% of normal healthy participants indicating a significant positive association (odds ratio 2.77, 95%CI: 1.67-4.54, P < 0.001). The 25(OH)D level in KL grade I, II, III and IV was 43.40, 30.59, 31.56 and 33.93 ng/mL respectively (no difference, P = 0.47). Similarly, the KOOS score in sufficient, insufficient and deficient groups were 65.31, 60.36 and 65.31, respectively (no difference, P = 0.051).
The serum 25(OH)D level is significantly low in younger KOA patients. However, the clinical and radiological severities have no association with serum vitamin D level.
Core Tip: The association of vitamin D deficiency in young knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients were studied. Serum 25(OH)D level of young KOA patients and healthy individuals were estimated along with clinical and radiological severity assessment of KOA patients. Serum vitamin D level in healthy individuals and KOA patients were found to be 45.83 and 34.58 ng/mL, respectively; 46.57% of KOA patients had inadequate vitamin D compared to 24% healthy participants (odds ratio 2.77, P < 0.001). The clinical and radiological severities had no association with vitamin D. Although disease severity cannot be predicted from vitamin D level, it is significantly low in younger KOA patients.