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World J Orthop. Mar 18, 2019; 10(3): 123-127
Published online Mar 18, 2019. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v10.i3.123
Linkage of microbiota and osteoporosis: A mini literature review
David Yatsonsky II, Karen Pan, Vithal B Shendge, Jiayong Liu, Nabil A Ebraheim
David Yatsonsky II, Karen Pan, Vithal B Shendge, Jiayong Liu, Nabil A Ebraheim, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
Author contributions: All authors contributed to this paper.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Jiayong Liu, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, 3065 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States. jiayong.liu@utoledo.edu
Telephone: +1-419-383536 Fax: +1-419-3833562
Received: November 16, 2018
Peer-review started: November 19, 2018
First decision: December 17, 2018
Revised: January 6, 2019
Accepted: January 28, 2019
Article in press: January 28, 2019
Published online: March 18, 2019
Processing time: 112 Days and 15.7 Hours
Abstract

The gut microbiota (GM) has become a recent topic of interest in the role of many disease states. Assessing patients with osteoporosis (OP), there is a strong correlation between gut microbe dysregulation and decreased bone density. Gut dysbiosis may lead to inflammation, dysregulation of nutrient and calcium transport across the intestine into circulation and systemic inflammation. Investigation of microbial profile relative to normal gut microbiomes, assessment of inflammatory markers such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Therapies to normalize GM in patients with OP or prevent occurrence of OP to be investigated include: High fiber prebiotic diets to promote growth of normal gut bacteria and short chain fatty acid production, Probiotics to encourage growth of normal gut microbes, and antibiotic treatment followed by fecal matter transplant.

Keywords: Osteoporosis; Microbiota; Linkage; Bone density; Gut microbiota

Core tip: Assessing patients with osteoporosis (OP), there is a strong correlation between gut microbe dysregulation and decreased bone density. Gut dysbiosis may lead to inflammation, dysregulation of nutrient and calcium transport across the intestine into circulation and systemic inflammation. Therapies to normalize gut microbiota in patients with OP or prevent occurrence of OP to be investigated include: High fiber prebiotic diets to promote growth of normal gut bacteria and short chain fatty acid production, Probiotics to encourage growth of normal gut microbes, and antibiotic treatment followed by fecal matter transplant.