• epidemiology
• meta-analysis
• prevalence
• psoriatic arthritis
• systematic review

• Humans
• Prevalence
• Arthritis, Psoriatic/epidemiology
• Global Health
• Europe/epidemiology
• North America/epidemiology
• Adult

• University of Aberdeen

• Novartis

The lifetime recurrence rate (RR) of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) among first-degree relatives (FDR) and the effect of proband’s gender, HLA-B27 and radiographic status is unclear. Our 35-year-follow-up family study has enabled these issues to be addressed.

In 1985, 363 ankylosing spondylitis (AS) probands (members of the Swiss AS Patient Society) and 806 FDR recruited into the study, completed questionnaires regarding axSpA manifestations, underwent a physical examination and most also underwent pelvic radiography and HLA-B27 typing. At follow-up in 2018–2019, of the former participants whose current addresses could be retrieved, 162 had died and 485 (125 patients with AS plus 360 FDR) completed a postal questionnaire.

At follow-up, 48 of 177 HLA-B27(+) FDR had developed axSpA, an RR of 27.1% (95% CI 20.6% to 33.7%). 27/148 (18.2%) children of AS probands (modified New York (mNY) criteria) were affected versus 2/50 (4.0%) children of non-radiographic axSpA probands (p=0.0138, OR=5.36; 95% CI 1.23 to 23.40). Children of female probands were more often affected (12/22; 54.5%) than of male probands (15/78; 19.2%) (p=0.0003; OR=4.89; 95% CI 1.96 to 12.23). This increased risk applies equally to sons and daughters.

The lifetime RR of axSpA for HLA-B27(+) FDR is substantial (27.1%), and disease severity (as defined by radiographic sacroiliitis by the mNY criteria) is an additional risk factor. Affected mothers pass on the disease significantly more often to their offspring than do affected fathers. These findings may lead to better assessment of lifetime risk for axSpA in the offspring. Moreover, investigation of this gender effect may uncover additional putative disease susceptibility factors.

• Ankylosing Spondylitis
• Epidemiology
• Low Back Pain
• Polymorphism, Genetic

• Ankylosing Spondylitis
• Epidemiology
• Polymorphism, Genetic

• Enthesis
• Enthesitis
• calcification
• psoriatic arthritis
• ultrasound

• Arthritis, Psoriatic/complications
• Arthritis, Psoriatic/diagnostic imaging
• Arthritis, Psoriatic/pathology
• Enthesopathy/complications
• Enthesopathy/diagnostic imaging
• Humans
• Psoriasis/complications
• Tenosynovitis/complications
• Tenosynovitis/diagnostic imaging
• Ultrasonography

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Excess cardiovascular risks were well recognized in patients with AS and were attributed to prolonged systemic inflammation. Uveitis is one of the most common extra-articular symptoms of AS and is also considered an indicator of systemic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate whether uveitis was a risk factor for developing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with AS using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD).

Data were collected from the NHIRD over a fifteen-year period. Variables were analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Risk factors for the occurrence of AMI were examined by calculating hazard ratio. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare the cumulative incidence of AMI in the uveitis and non-uveitis cohorts.

A total of 5905 patients with AS were enrolled, including 1181 patients with uveitis (20%) and 4724 patients without uveitis (80%). The Kaplan–Meier method with the log-rank test showed that the uveitis group had a significantly higher cumulative hazard for patients with AMI than the non-uveitis group (p < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of AMI was higher in the uveitis group than in the non-uveitis group (aHR = 1.653, p < 0.001). Stratified analysis revealed that patients with uveitis had an increased risk of developing AMI regardless of their sex (male/female aHR = 1.688/1.608, p < 0.001). Patients with uveitis in all age groups were independently associated with an increased risk of developing AMI compared to those without uveitis (20–39 years/40–59 years/≥ 60 years, aHR = 1.550, 1.579, 3.240, p < 0.001). Patients with uveitis had a higher probability of developing AMI regardless of comorbidities. Uveitis patients with comorbidities had a higher risk of developing AMI compared to uveitis patients without comorbidities.

Uveitis is a significant risk factor for developing AMI in patients with AS. Physicians should be aware of the potential cardiovascular risk in AS patients with uveitis, especially simultaneously with other traditional risk factors of AMI. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism between uveitis and AMI in patients with AS.

• acute myocardial infarction
• ankylosing spondylitis
• cardiovascular disease
• epidemiology
• uveitis

• Axial spondyloarthritis
• Disease activity
• Golimumab
• Psoriatic arthritis
• Quality of life
• WPAI

Introduction: Data about the clinical presentation and management of early and mild spondyloarthritis (SpA) are limited.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the baseline characteristics of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)-naïve patients with axial or peripheral SpA.

Methods: The Spondyloarthritis Italian Registry: Evidence from a National Pathway (SIRENA) study is an ongoing, Italian, multicenter, prospective registry of patients with a first or newly confirmed diagnosis of SpA according to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria. To be included, patients had to be naïve to conventional, targeted, and biological DMARDs for SpA. Patients were enrolled between June 2017 and June 2019 and classified into groups according to disease presentation: predominantly axial or peripheral manifestations. The study is ongoing, and patients are being followed for 2 years, with an evaluation every 6 months according to clinical practice. Differences in baseline demographics, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics between axial and peripheral SpA were evaluated.

Results: In this study, 350 patients were enrolled, of which 123 (35.1%) were axial and 227 (64.9%) were peripheral patients. Patients with axial SpA were significantly younger at enrollment (median age: 44 vs. 53 years), had significantly more anxiety/depression (13 vs. 2.6%), and expressed higher disease activity compared to patients with peripheral SpA. Patients with peripheral SpA had significantly more cardiometabolic disorders (33 vs. 18.7%), skin psoriasis (65.2 vs. 21.1%), and nail psoriasis (35.5 vs. 17.1%) than patients with axial SpA. Dactylitis, enthesitis, and fibromyalgia were observed, respectively, in 17.6, 51.2, and 5.7% of patients with axial SpA and 24.3, 40, and 3.1% of patients with peripheral SpA. In both disease groups, women tended to report depression, joint tenderness, and higher disease activity more frequently than their male counterparts. At inclusion, a new diagnosis of SpA was performed in 58% of axial and 77% of peripheral patients, with a median time from symptom onset to diagnosis of 36 and 24 months, respectively. At baseline, most patients with axial SpA (77%) started a biological DMARD, while over half of the peripheral patients started a conventional DMARD.

Conclusions: Based on a well-characterized clinical registry of SpA, we provided real-world insights on the clinical features of DMARD-naïve SpA patients, pointing out major differences between axial and peripheral disease in terms of clinical characteristics and treatment pattern. Future prospective evaluations within the SIRENA study will improve knowledge on SpA and contribute to defining the best therapeutic approach.

• axial spondyloarthritis
• peripheral spondyloarthritis
• prospective study
• psoriatic arthritis
• real-world evidence
• registry
• spondyloarthritis

• Erythrocyte Indices
• Humans
• Mean Platelet Volume
• Spondylitis, Ankylosing/diagnosis

• spondyloarthrites
• hla b 27
• sénégal
• spondyloarthritis
• senegal

The Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire (FSQ) was self-administered by a sample of 207 Italian individuals with obesity to screen for fibromyalgia (FM). We aimed to investigate the inter-rater reliability and the agreement in the detection of FM symptomatology between the self-administered FSQ and the clinical interview conducted by a rheumatologist. All the patients were divided randomly into two groups (group A and group B): a rheumatologist first interviewed patients of group A and after 48 h, the patients completed the self-report FSQ. Patients of group B first completed the FSQ and 48 h later were interviewed by a rheumatologist. The agreement between the measurements was good with the Bland-Altman analysis showing low bias scores for the two subscales of the FSQ. Results showed that 33% of the sample satisfied the criteria for a diagnosis of fibromyalgia. The FSQ is a self-reporting measure that showed substantial reliability providing fast screening for FM symptomatology.

• assessment
• chronic pain
• fibromyalgia (FM)
• fibromyalgia survey questionnaire
• obesity
• reliabiity

• COVID-19
• CPDI
• DASS-21
• anxiety
• chronic autoimmune arthritis
• depression
• disease activity
• psychological distress

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory arthropathy associated with psoriasis as well as a complex pathogenesis. Genetic and environmental factors trigger the development of the immune-mediated auto-inflammatory response in different sites: skin, bone marrow, entheses and synovial tissues. Studies of the last two decades have changed the view of PsA from a mild, non-progressive arthritis to an inflammatory systemic disease with serious health consequences, not only associated with joint dysfunction, but also with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and socioeconomic consequences with significantly reduced quality of life. The joint damage starts early in the course of the disease, thus early recognition and treatment with modern biological treatments, which may modify the natural history and slow down progression of this debilitating disease, is essential for the patient long-term outcome.

• classification
• genetics
• immunopathogenesis
• psoriatic arthritis
• treatment

• Cognitive training
• Knee osteoarthritis
• Mental simulation
• Muscle activation
• Physical function
• Rehabilitation
• Total knee replacement

• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/rehabilitation
• Female
• Humans
• Imagery, Psychotherapy/methods
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Osteoarthritis, Knee/physiopathology
• Osteoarthritis, Knee/surgery
• Physical Therapy Modalities
• Recovery of Function/physiology
• Time Factors
• Treatment Outcome

• 17/201-134 Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS)

• ankylosing spondylitis
• epidemiology
• familial aggregation
• heritability

• ankylosing spondylitis
• biologic drugs
• drug utilization
• psoriatic arthritis
• real-world

• Ankylosing spondylitis
• China
• Epidemiology
• Meta-analysis
• Prevalence
• Systematic review

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• China/epidemiology
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Prevalence
• Sex Distribution
• Spondylitis, Ankylosing/epidemiology
• Young Adult

• 81873314 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 81974574 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• no. [2014]157, no.[2018]8 Project of Guangdong Provincial Department of Finance
• 2018M633036 China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
• B2019091 Medical Science Research Foundation of Guangdong Province
• 20201129 Project of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province
• 2018KQNCX041 Key scientific research platforms and research projects of universities in Guangdong Province
• no. YN2019ML08 Science and Technology Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine
• no. YK2013B2N19 Science and Technology Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine
• no. YN2015MS15 Science and Technology Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine

Post-marketing surveillance activities are essential to detect the risk/benefit profile of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in inflammatory arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate adverse events (AEs) in patients treated with bDMARDs in rheumatology during a prospective pharmacovigilance study from 2016 to 2018. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed to evaluate bDMARDs-related variables of patients without AEs/failures vs patients with AEs and failures. The risk profile among biologics was assessed by comparing patients treated with each bDMARD to patients treated with etanercept. A total of 1155 patients were enrolled, mostly affected by rheumatoid arthritis (46.0%). AEs and failures were experienced by 8.7% and 23.3%, respectively. The number of comorbidities significantly influenced the onset of AEs, while anxiety-depressive, gastrointestinal disease, and fibromyalgia influenced onset of failures. The probability of developing an AE was significantly lower in patients treated with secukinumab, while the probability of developing treatment failure was significantly lower in patients treated with golimumab, secukinumab and tocilizumab. A total of 216 AEs were reported (25.5% serious), mostly regarding infections (21.8%), musculoskeletal (17.6%) and skin (16.2%) disorders. Serious AEs included neutropenia (12.7%), lymphocytosis (9.1%) and uveitis (7.3%). The obtained results revealed known AEs but real-world data should be endorsed for undetected safety concerns.

• adverse events
• biologic drugs
• inflammatory arthritis
• pharmacovigilance
• real-world data
• treatment failure

• I10
• Psoriatic arthritis
• apremilast
• biologic therapy
• budget impact analysis
• cost-effectiveness

• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/economics
• Arthritis, Psoriatic/drug therapy
• Budgets
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Humans
• Italy
• Markov Chains
• Quality of Life
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• Thalidomide/analogs & derivatives
• Thalidomide/economics

• Adult
• Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
• Autoantibodies/immunology
• Female
• HLA-B27 Antigen/genetics
• Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
• Humans
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Male
• Sensitivity and Specificity
• Spondylarthritis/diagnostic imaging
• Spondylarthritis/genetics
• Spondylarthritis/immunology
• Spondylarthropathies/diagnostic imaging
• Spondylarthropathies/genetics
• Spondylarthropathies/immunology

• AbbVie Deutschland GmbH

• drug utilization
• p soriatic arthritis
• real-world data
• treatment patterns

• Arthritis, psoriatic
• Health status
• Patient-reported outcome measures
• Surveys and questionnaires
• Therapeutics

• biological treatment
• health care costs
• hospitalization
• psoriasis
• psoriatic arthritis

Secukinumab, a fully human monoclonal IgG1 antibody that selectively neutralizes the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A, has been approved in Europe in 2015 for the treatment of adult patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This analysis assessed the budget impact of introduction of secukinumab to the Italian market for all three indications from the perspective of the Italian National Health Service.

A cross-indication budget impact model was developed and included biologic-treated adult patients diagnosed with psoriasis, PsA, and AS. The analyses were conducted over a 3-year time horizon and included direct costs (drug therapy costs, administration costs, diseases-related costs, and adverse events costs). Model input parameters (epidemiology, market share projections, resource use, and costs) were obtained from the published literature and other Italian sources. The robustness of the results was tested via one-way sensitivity analyses: secukinumab cost, secukinumab market share, intravenous administration costs, and adverse events costs were varied by ±10%.

The total patient population for secukinumab over the 3-year timeframe was projected to be 6,648 in the first year, increasing to 12,001 in the third year, for all three indications combined (psoriasis, PsA, and AS). Compared to a scenario without secukinumab in the market, the introduction of secukinumab in the market for the treatment of psoriasis, PsA, and AS showed a cumulative 3-year incremental budget impact of −5%, corresponding to savings of €66.1 million and per patient savings of about €1,855. The majority of the cost savings came from the adoption of secukinumab in AS (58%), followed by PsA (29%) and psoriasis (13%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results.

Results from this cross-indication budget impact model show that secukinumab is a cost-saving option for the treatment of PsA, AS, and psoriasis patients in Italy.

• Italy
• ankylosing spondylitis
• budget impact
• psoriasis
• psoriatic arthritis
• secukinumab

Comorbidities among US patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are inadequately understood. This study compared the prevalence and incidence of comorbidities between patients with AS and matched controls using national claims databases. Adults enrolled in the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare databases with ≥ 1 inpatient or ≥ 2 non-rule-out outpatient diagnoses of AS between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2014 were included. Patients had to have ≥ 1 AS diagnosis in 2013; the first AS diagnosis in 2013 was assigned as the index date. Control patients without AS were matched to AS patients on age, geographic region, index calendar year, and sex. Comorbidities were evaluated in AS patients and matched controls during the baseline and follow-up periods (before and after the index date, respectively). Hazard ratios of developing new comorbidities were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for patients’ characteristics. A total of 6679 patients with AS were matched to 19,951 control patients. In addition to extra-articular manifestations of AS (inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], psoriasis, uveitis), a higher proportion of AS patients had asthma, cardiovascular disease, depression, dyslipidemia, gastrointestinal ulcers, malignancies, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, sleep apnea, and spinal fractures during the baseline period than matched controls. After AS diagnosis, a higher proportion of patients developed newly diagnosed cases of cardiovascular diseases, depression, osteoporosis, spinal fracture, IBD, psoriasis, and uveitis than matched controls. In this real-world, US claims-based study, patients with AS were shown to have significantly more comorbidities than matched controls.

• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Claims database
• Comorbidities
• Matched controls

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Case-Control Studies
• Comorbidity
• Humans
• Incidence
• Male
• Prevalence
• Retrospective Studies
• Spondylitis, Ankylosing/epidemiology
• United States/epidemiology

• Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation

Comorbidity incidence rates among US patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) are inadequately understood. This study compared the relative occurrence of comorbidities between patients with AS treated with TNFis and those not treated with TNFis.

Adults aged ≥18 years enrolled in the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases with a diagnosis of AS between 1 January 2008 and 30 June 2015 were eligible. Patients were divided into two groups, those treated with TNFis (TNFi users) and those not treated with TNFis (TNFi nonusers) during the 12 months after the index date, defined as the date of first TNFi treatment or a randomly assigned date for TNFi nonusers. Patients had to have continuous enrolment for 24 months with no AS diagnosis or TNFi therapy pre‐index and a follow‐up period of ≥12 months postindex. The incidence of new comorbidities was evaluated in patients and adjusted for baseline characteristics.

A total of 3077 TNFi users and 3830 TNFi nonusers were included. A higher proportion of TNFi users had a new diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (hazard ratio [HR], 2.00), including Crohn's disease (HR, 2.45) and ulcerative colitis (HR, 1.65), as well as uveitis (HR, 1.68) and sleep apnoea (HR, 1.21) after initiation of TNFi therapy than TNFi nonusers.

Patients with AS treated with TNFis had higher incidence rates of IBD, uveitis and sleep apnoea after initiation of TNFi therapy than patients not treated with TNFi therapy.

• outcomes research
• pharmaceutical HSR

• Ankylosing Spondylitis
• Digestive system
• Gastrointestinal diseases
• Liver diseases
• Psoriatic Arthritis
• Spondyloarthropathies

• Adaptación cultural
• Artritis psoriásica
• Cultural adaptation
• EARP questionnaire
• Early Psoriatic Arthritis Screening Questionnaire
• Psoriasis
• Psoriatic arthritis
• Screening

• Adult
• Aged
• Arthritis, Psoriatic/diagnosis
• Cultural Characteristics
• Culturally Competent Care
• Early Diagnosis
• Educational Status
• Female
• Humans
• Language
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Spain
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• Translations

Spondyloarthritis often affects young people, typically in their working years. The aim of our study was to investigate work productivity and its relationship with disease activity and physical functioning in Italian patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) with chronic back pain (CBP) for ≥3 months and ≤2 years, and onset  < 45 years of age.

Baseline absenteeism, presenteeism, work productivity loss (assessed by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI)), and disease activity (assessed by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI)/Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS)) and functional ability (assessed by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Functional Index (BASFI)) of patients with axSpA (rheumatologist’s diagnosis) included in the Italian section of the Spondyloarthritis Caught Early (SPACE) cohort were collected. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between work productivity and disease activity/physical functioning.

Absenteeism in 51 patients with axSpA was low (8.3 %). A decrease in work productivity was related to an increase in disease activity. Disease activity was strongly correlated with absenteeism (p < 0.01), presenteeism (p < 0.01) and work productivity loss (p < 0.001). In addition, decreased work productivity was related to a decrease in functional ability. Physical functioning was correlated with absenteeism (p < 0.001), presenteeism (p < 0.05) and work productivity loss (p < 0.001).

Impairment of work productivity was correlated with disease activity and physical functioning in Italian patients with axSpA with CBP for ≥3 months and ≤2 years, with onset <45 years of age.

• Back pain
• Disease activity
• Spondyloarthritis
• Work

• North Africa and Middle East
• TNF inhibitors
• ankylosing spondylitis
• axial spondyloarthritis
• inflammatory back pain
• sacroiliitis

• Africa, Northern/epidemiology
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
• Back Pain/diagnosis
• Back Pain/drug therapy
• Back Pain/epidemiology
• Back Pain/pathology
• Delayed Diagnosis
• Disease Progression
• Etanercept/therapeutic use
• HLA-B27 Antigen/genetics
• HLA-B27 Antigen/immunology
• Humans
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Middle East/epidemiology
• Prevalence
• Sacroiliitis/diagnosis
• Sacroiliitis/drug therapy
• Sacroiliitis/epidemiology
• Sacroiliitis/pathology
• Spine/diagnostic imaging
• Spine/drug effects
• Spine/immunology
• Spine/pathology
• Spondylarthritis/diagnosis
• Spondylarthritis/drug therapy
• Spondylarthritis/epidemiology
• Spondylarthritis/pathology
• Spondylitis, Ankylosing/diagnosis
• Spondylitis, Ankylosing/drug therapy
• Spondylitis, Ankylosing/epidemiology
• Spondylitis, Ankylosing/pathology
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology

• Abatacept
• apremilast
• ixekizumab
• psoriatic arthritis
• secukinumab
• therapy
• tofacitinib
• ustekinumab

Accurate prevalence data are important when interpreting diagnostic tests and planning for the health needs of a population, yet no such data exist for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in the UK. In this cross-sectional cohort study we aimed to estimate the prevalence of axSpA in a UK primary care population.

A validated self-completed questionnaire was used to screen primary care patients with low back pain for inflammatory back pain (IBP). Patients with a verifiable pre-existing diagnosis of axSpA were included as positive cases. All other patients meeting the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) IBP criteria were invited to undergo further assessment including MRI scanning, allowing classification according to the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) and ASAS axSpA criteria, and the modified New York (mNY) criteria for ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Of 978 questionnaires sent to potential participants 505 were returned (response rate 51.6 %). Six subjects had a prior diagnosis of axSpA, 4 of whom met mNY criteria. Thirty eight of 75 subjects meeting ASAS IBP criteria attended review (mean age 53.5 years, 37 % male). The number of subjects satisfying classification criteria was 23 for ESSG, 3 for ASAS (2 clinical, 1 radiological) and 1 for mNY criteria. This equates to a prevalence of 5.3 % (95 % CI 4.0, 6.8) using ESSG, 1.3 % (95 % CI 0.8, 2.3) using ASAS, 0.66 % (95 % CI 0.28, 1.3) using mNY criteria in chronic back pain patients, and 1.2 % (95 % CI 0.9, 1.4) using ESSG, 0.3 % (95 % CI 0.13, 0.48) using ASAS, 0.15 % (95 % CI 0.02, 0.27) using mNY criteria in the general adult primary care population.

These are the first prevalence estimates for axSpA in the UK, and will be of importance in planning for the future healthcare needs of this population.

Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN76873217

• Ankylosing Spondylitis
• Epidemiology
• Psoriatic Arthritis
• Reactive arthritis
• Spondyloarthritis

• Adult
• Aged
• Female
• Health Surveys
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Prevalence
• Serbia/epidemiology
• Spondylarthritis/epidemiology

• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Occult enthesitis
• Occult sacroiliitis
• Spondyloarthritis

• Humans
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications
• Sacroiliitis/etiology
• Spondylarthritis/etiology

• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Diagnostic delay
• Gender

• ACE I/D
• Disease activity
• Disease severity
• GSTM1
• GSTP1-Ile105Val
• GSTT1

• Ankylosing Spondylitis
• BASDAI
• Quality of life
• Type D personality
• mental health