• fractured osteochondroma
• muskuloskeletal
• osteochondroma
• pedunculated
• pedunculated osteochondroma

• Osteochondroma
• exostosis
• orthopedic tumor
• scapula

• Cartilaginous cap
• Chondrosarcoma
• Osteochondroma

• benign neoplasms
• cartilage-capped outgrowths
• flat bone
• inverted j-shaped taping
• metaphysis
• osteochondroma
• pseudo winging
• scapular stabilization exercises
• strengthening

• computed tomography
• condylectomy
• ct
• deviation
• excision
• histopathology
• mandible
• mandibular condyle
• osteochondroma
• posterior crossbite

• bone neoplasm
• case report
• exostosis
• malignant transformation
• osteochondroma
• scapula
• scapular osteochondroma
• tumor

• Case report
• Extra-articular knee locking
• Impingement
• Osteochondroma
• Pes anserinus
• Surgery
• Tibia

• Orthopedics
• exostosis
• foot
• osteochondroma
• surgery
• trauma

• Orthopaedic and trauma surgery
• Pathology
• Plastic and reconstructive surgery
• Radiology

• Humans
• Female
• Osteochondroma/diagnostic imaging
• Osteochondroma/surgery
• Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Bone Neoplasms/surgery
• Cartilage, Articular/pathology
• Fingers/pathology
• Neoplasms, Connective Tissue
• Soft Tissue Neoplasms
• Cell Proliferation

• exostosis
• osteochondroma
• scapula
• scapular exostosis
• scapular osteochondroma

Osteochondromas typically arise in the appendicular skeleton, with axial lesions occurring less commonly. Osteochondroma of the spine resulting in cord compression and symptomatic myelopathy is relatively rare. Most cases are reported in adolescents and adults. Consequently, there is a scarcity of literature regarding its occurrence in the pediatric population. We report the case of a cervical osteochondroma of C4-6 with cord compression in a nine-year-old girl. Surgical excision with laminectomy and laminotomy successfully resolved all neurologic deficits. A literature review revealed 27 cases of pediatric osteochondromas with cord compression, suggesting that these lesions are not as rare in the pediatric population as previously thought.

• Cartilage tumor
• Endochondral ossification
• Growth plate
• Osteochondroma
• Retinoids

• Animals
• Bone Neoplasms/etiology
• Bone Neoplasms/pathology
• Disease Models, Animal
• Humans
• Mice
• Osteochondroma/etiology
• Osteochondroma/pathology
• Retinoids/metabolism
• Signal Transduction/physiology

• R01 AR072713 NIAMS NIH HHS
• R01 AR073181 NIAMS NIH HHS

• Femur
• Hemiepiphysiodesis
• Knee
• MHE
• Multiple hereditary exostosis
• Tibia

Background and Objectives: Up until now, only one case of unilateral proximal tibiofibular synostosis caused by osteochondroma has been reported. This report is the first well-documented bilateral case of proximal tibiofibular synostosis caused by an osteochondroma. Case Report: A 21-year-old, highly active male patient with bilateral proximal tibiofibular synostosis caused by an osteochondroma suffering from persistent knee pain is presented. As conservative methods had failed, the patient was treated by bilateral open resection of the connecting bone. Histopathological findings confirmed the preoperative diagnosis. The patient returned to sports three weeks after surgery and continued soccer training six weeks after surgery. Discussion: The case report presents the successful treatment of a bilateral proximal tibiofibular synostosis caused by an osteochondroma by bilateral open resection of the connecting bone.

• bilateral
• osteocartilaginous exostosis
• osteochondroma
• synostosis

• E3 ligase
• FBXW7
• NOTCH
• SCF
• cancer
• diagnostic markers
• mutation
• therapeutics

The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular characteristics of hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO) in a subset of Jordanian patients with a focus on the genetic variants of exostosin (EXT1)/(EXT2) and their protein expression. Patients with HMO and their family members were included. Recorded clinical characteristics included age, sex, tumors number and location, joint deformities and associated functional limitations. Mutational analysis of EXT1 and EXT2 exonic regions was performed. Immunohistochemical staining for EXT1 and EXT2 was performed manually using two different commercially available rabbit anti-human EXT1 and EXT2 antibodies. A total of 16 patients with HMO from nine unrelated families were included, with a mean age of 13.9 years. A total of 75% (12/16) of the patients were male and (69%) (11/16) had a mild disease (class I). EXT mutation analysis revealed only EXT1 gene mutations in 13 patients. Seven variants were detected, among which three were novel: c.1019G>A, p. (Arg340His), c.962+1G>A and c.1469del, p. (Leu490Argfs*9). Of the 16 patients, 3 did not harbor any mutations for either EXT1 or EXT2. Immunohistochemical examination revealed decreased expression of EXT1 protein in all patients with EXT1 mutation. Surprisingly, EXT2 protein was not detected in these patients, although none had EXT2 mutations. The majority of Jordanian patients with HMO, who may represent an ethnic group that is infrequently investigated, were males and had a mild clinical disease course; whereas most patients with EXT1 gene mutations were not necessarily associated with a severe clinical disease course. The role of EXT2 gene remains a subject of debate, since patients with EXT1 mutations alone did not express the non-mutated EXT2 gene.

• exostosin 1
• exostosin 2
• exostosis
• hereditary multiple osteochondromas
• novel mutations

Common peroneal neuropathy is the most common compressive neuropathy in the lower extremities. The anatomical relationship of the fibular head with the peroneal nerve explains entrapment in this location. We report the case of a 14-year-old boy admitted with a left foot drop. The diagnosis was an osteochondroma of the proximal fibula compressing the common peroneal nerve. The patient underwent surgical decompression of the nerve and resection of the exostosis. Three months postoperatively, there was a complete recovery of the deficits. The association of osteochondroma and peroneal nerve palsy is rare. Early diagnosis is required in order to adjust the management and improve the results. It is worth to underscore that surgical resection is proven to be the appropriate treatment method ensuring high success rates.

• Osteochondroma
• bone tumor
• elbow
• excision
• proximal ulna

Subungual osteochondroma (SO) is an infrequent and non-malignant bone tumour of the distal phalanx, especially prominent in paediatric populations. The aim of this research was to describe a case series of paediatric feet with SO which received surgical treatments. The secondary purpose was to compare these descriptive data by sex distribution. Methods: Twenty-three paediatric feet with SO confirmed by clinical or radiological features received surgical treatment. Socio-demographic (age, sex, height, weight and BMI) and clinical features (side, location, tumour or pain presence, and nail lift before surgery, as well as recurrence and adverse effects at one month after intervention) were reported. Results: Regarding clinical features before intervention, the most frequent locations of SO were the first toe (86.8%) and the right lower limb (56.5%). In addition, the presence of the tumour, pain and nail lift showed a prevalence of 91.3%, 69.5% and 47% of the study sample, respectively. Considering clinical features at one month after intervention, the most frequent adverse effect was the pain presence (69.5%). In addition, one case (4.4%) presented ulceration. Only one patient (4.4%) suffered from recurrence with a new tumour. There were not statistically significant differences by sex distribution (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This novel study showed that surgery treatment for SO in paediatric populations presented a very low recurrence degree with minor adverse effects and without differences by sex distribution. Thus, further randomized clinical trials should be carried out in order to determine the effectiveness of this intervention in this special population.

• bone tumour
• children
• paediatric foot
• subungual osteochondroma

• growth plate 3
• osteochondroma 1
• retinoic acid nuclear receptor 2
• transcriptome analysis 4

• Animals
• Biomarkers
• Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Bone Neoplasms/etiology
• Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
• Bone Neoplasms/pathology
• Chondrocytes/metabolism
• Chondrocytes/pathology
• Computational Biology/methods
• Gene Expression Profiling
• Gene Ontology
• Growth Plate/metabolism
• Growth Plate/pathology
• Humans
• Molecular Sequence Annotation
• Osteochondroma/drug therapy
• Osteochondroma/etiology
• Osteochondroma/metabolism
• Osteochondroma/pathology
• Receptors, Retinoic Acid/agonists
• Signal Transduction
• Tissue Culture Techniques
• Transcriptome
• Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma

• R01 AR073181 NIAMS NIH HHS
• S10 OD026698 NIH HHS
• R01AR073181, R01AR056837 NIH HHS

•

Osteochondroma is the most common type of bone tumor.

Osteochondroma is the most prevalent type of bone tumour, often arising in the long bones. Most are found in the third decade of life, and rarely in the axial skeleton of elderly patients. This case report aims to highlight the possibility of this differential diagnosis in an elderly patient with symptoms of radiculopathy, aside from degenerative cause.

A 76-years-old woman presented to the authors’ hospital with complaints of pain and numbness of the left suboccipital and preauricular region. There was hypoesthesia of left C2 and C3 dermatome without any signs of myelopathy. CT-scan and MRI showed an expansile bone lesion from the posterior arch of C1 and lamina of C2. The patient underwent laminectomy of C1 and hemilaminectomy of C2. Postoperative histopathologic examination showed the features of osteochondroma. Radiologic follow-up after nine months showed no sign of recurrence. After eighteen months, the patient was ambulatory with complaints of fingers numbness and moderate neck pain.

Osteochondroma usually arises in long bone metaphysis. This lesion normally ceases to grow with growth plate closure, but other findings suggest it may continue to grow beyond skeletal maturity. About 29.5% of all osteochondroma of the spine would cause radiculopathy, and 27% would cause myelopathy. The cervical spine osteochondroma is usually treated by en bloc resection through posterior approach.

Osteochondroma of the cervical spine in the elderly is rare. However, this diagnosis could be considered as a possible cause of radiculopathy in this age group aside from other degenerative causes.

• Case report
• Cervical spine
• Elderly
• Osteochondroma
• Radiculopathy

• Case report
• Chronic heel pain
• Diagnostic challenge
• Osteochondroma
• Recalcitrant heel pain

• orthopaedic and trauma surgery
• stiff shoulder

• Case report
• Osteochondroma
• Scapula
• Surgical

This case reports on a knee locked in flexion due to incarceration of the semitendinosus tendon around an osteochondroma in a patient with a history of multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE). An 18-year-old female with history of MHE presented with acute right medial knee pain and inability to extend her knee. Radiographs confirmed multiple lower extremity osteochondromas, notably a large, 3-cm pedunculated osteochondroma about her right medial proximal tibia. This was assessed as a locked knee secondary to incarcerated hamstring tendons around an osteochondroma. Excision of the osteochondroma restored normal flexion and extension of her knee. At the 3-month follow-up visit, she had returned to all activities with no recurrent medial knee pain or locking. The differential diagnosis for a locked knee joint can be broad, but tendon incarceration should be considered in appropriate patients with significant symptoms. In patients with a history of MHE, osteochondromas may be the cause of tendon entrapment.

• Bone neoplasms
• Conservative treatment
• Fracture

Osteochondroma is the most commonly-found benign bone tumour. It is a benign, cartilaginous-capped bony projection. They are usually present on the bony surfaces of the long bones in adolescents and young adults. The risk of malignant transformation is <1% with solitary osteochondroma. We present a rare case of an osteochondroma in a patient with advanced age and an unusual location.

• osteochondroma

• Bone
• Bone marrow
• Children
• Developmental disease
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Multifocal
• Neoplasms
• Polyostotic

• Bone Diseases/diagnostic imaging
• Bone Marrow Diseases/diagnostic imaging
• Child
• Contrast Media
• Diagnosis, Differential
• Humans
• Image Enhancement/methods
• Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
• Whole Body Imaging