• Bone cement
• infection
• joint replacement
• mesoporous silica nanoparticle
• rifampin

• 2D nanofiller
• bone cement
• elastic modulus
• hardness
• nano-indentation
• polymer nanocomposite

• PIF AlfaHI initiative 726156 Alfaisal University

• Antibiotic
• antimicrobial feature
• application
• mechanism
• metal nanoparticles
• nanoparticles

• Antibacterial agents
• Antibiotics
• Antimicrobial peptides
• Bone cements
• Tissue adhesives

• Bone Cements/therapeutic use
• Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
• Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
• Humans
• Antimicrobial Peptides/pharmacology
• Antimicrobial Peptides/therapeutic use
• Antimicrobial Peptides/chemistry
• Polymers

• AHWJ2022b091 the Health research Project of Anhui Province
• AHWJ2022b091 the Health research Project of Anhui Province
• JZ2023HGQA0114 Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
• 2308085QB47 Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province
• Hwk2023zd011 Hefei Municipal Health Commission Applied Medical Project

• Antibacterial activity
• Antibiofilm activity
• Bioimaging
• Biosensing
• Functional fluorescent nanomaterials

• Humans
• Nanostructures/therapeutic use
• Bacterial Infections/diagnosis
• Bacterial Infections/drug therapy
• Diagnostic Imaging/methods
• Fluorescent Dyes
• Bacteria
• Biofilms

• Bone cement
• Bone consolidation
• Vertebral augmentation
• Vertebroplasty

• Humans
• Vertebroplasty
• Fractures, Compression/diagnostic imaging
• Fractures, Compression/surgery
• Spinal Fractures/diagnostic imaging
• Spinal Fractures/surgery
• Kyphoplasty
• Bone Cements/therapeutic use
• Neoplasms
• Treatment Outcome
• Osteoporotic Fractures/surgery

• Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich

The main problems directly linked with the use of PMMA bone cements in orthopedic surgery are the improper mechanical bond between cement and bone and the absence of antimicrobial properties. Recently, more research has been devoted to new bone cement with antimicrobial properties using mainly antibiotics or other innovative materials with antimicrobial properties. In this paper, we developed modified PMMA bone cement with antimicrobial properties proposing some experimental antimicrobial agents consisting of silver nanoparticles incorporated in ceramic glass and hydroxyapatite impregnated with peppermint oil. The impact of the addition of antimicrobial agents on the structure, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of new PMMA bone cements was quantified. It has been shown that the addition of antimicrobial agents improves the flexural strength of the traditional PMMA bone cement, while the yield strength values show a decrease, most likely because this agent acts as a discontinuity inside the material rather than as a reinforcing agent. In the case of all samples, the addition of antimicrobial agents had no significant influence on the thermal stability. The new PMMA bone cement showed good biocompatibility and the possibility of osteoblast proliferation (MTT test) along with a low level of cytotoxicity (LDH test).

• TGA
• antimicrobial agents
• biocompatibility
• bone cements
• mechanical properties

• antibacterial
• bacterial viability
• bone cement
• flexural strength

• Aluminum Oxide
• Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
• Bone Cements/pharmacology
• Escherichia coli
• Flexural Strength
• Materials Testing
• Polymethyl Methacrylate/pharmacology
• Staphylococcus aureus

• Antibiotic-free antimicrobial poly (methyl methacrylate) bone cement bone cement
• Antibiotic-loaded poly (methyl methacrylate) bone cement bone cement
• Periprosthetic joint infection
• Poly (methyl methacrylate) bone cement

• bone cement bead
• drug delivery
• gentamicin-silver synergy
• magnetic actuation
• osteomyelitis

• AgNPs
• action mechanism
• biological
• biomedical applications
• biomedical properties of AgNPs
• chemical
• design and synthesis methods of silver nanoparticles
• physical

• APC from RMC UPM Universiti Putra Malaysia
• FRGS/1/2020/STG01/UNISEL/02/4 Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education
• GRF scholarship to G. Verasoundarapandian Universiti Putra Malaysia
• scholarship to F.E. Khalid Majlis Amanah Rakyat

• Acrylic bone cement
• Antibacterial
• Benzothiazole
• Biocompatibility
• Mechanical properties

We report the effectiveness of silver nanocluster (Ag-NC) against the biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Two DNA aptamers specific for PA and part of their sequences were chosen as templates for growing the Ag-NC. While circular dichroism (CD) studies determined the presence of secondary structures, UV/Vis absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopic studies confirmed the formation of the fluorescent Ag-NC on the DNA templates. Furthermore, mesoscopic physics-based partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) was used to analyze the backscattered light signal that can detect the degree of nanoscale mass density/refractive index fluctuations to identify the biofilm formation, comparatively among the different aptamers with respect to the control sample. The importance of the secondary structure of the aptamer DNA in targeting, successfully binding with the cells and delivering the Ag-NC, is evidenced by the decrease in disorder strength (L_d) of the Ag-NC treated samples compared to the untreated PA cells, which showed the abundance of higher L_d in the PWS studies. The higher L_d value attributed to the higher mass density fluctuations and the formation of biofilm. We envision this study to open a new avenue in using a powerful optical microscopic technique like PWS in detection, and DNA aptamer enclosed silver nanoclusters to prevent biofilms for opportunist pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

• circular dichroism
• fluorescence
• partial wave spectroscopy
• scattering

• additives
• antibacterial
• antibiotics
• bioactive
• polymethyl methacrylate-based bone cement

• Ti13Zr13Nb alloy
• bone cements modification
• coating adhesion
• selective laser melting
• spacer

• antibacterial properties
• bone cement
• cell viability
• hemolysis
• nanometals

• ST-57; 2016/21/B/NZ5/00217 This work was supported in part by the Medical University of Gdańsk fund and the AMO NSC grant

• dimethacrylate
• flexural properties
• molecular structure
• silver nanocomposite
• water sorption

• Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate/chemistry
• Materials Testing
• Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
• Nanocomposites/chemistry
• Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry
• Polymerization
• Polymethacrylic Acids/chemistry
• Silver/chemistry

• Bone cement
• Joint infection
• Microbials
• Periprosthetic
• Resistance

• Antimicrobial
• Bone cement
• Nanoparticles
• Nanotechnology
• PJI
• PMMA
• TJR

• Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
• Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
• Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/rehabilitation
• Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/rehabilitation
• Bone Cements/therapeutic use
• Delayed-Action Preparations/chemical synthesis
• Drug Compounding/methods
• Humans
• Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
• Joint Prosthesis
• Nanotechnology/methods

In total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip replacement (THR) the restoration of the normal joint function represents a fundamental feature. A prosthetic joint must be able to provide motions and to transmit functional loads.

As reported in the literature, the stress distribution may be altered in bones after the implantation of a total joint prosthesis. Some scientific works have also correlated uncemented TKA to a progressive decrease of bone density below the tibial component. Antibiotic-loaded bone cements are commonly employed in conjunction with systemic antibiotics to treat infections. Furthermore, nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity have been widely analysed. Accordingly, the current research was focused on a preliminary analysis of the mechanical and antibacterial activity of a PMMA-based bone cement loaded with gold nanoparticles. The obtained results demonstrated that nanocomposite cements with a specific concentration of gold nanoparticles improved the punching performance and antibacterial activity. However, critical aspects were found in the optimization of the nanocomposite bone cement.

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Evaluation of the in vitro effects of bacterial adhesion and proliferation on modified bone cement samples.

• Antibacterial activity
• Bone cement
• Gold nanoparticles
• Mechanical properties
• Nanocomposite

The purpose of this study was to determine activity of fosfomycin/gentamicin and daptomycin/gentamicin-containing PMMA bone-cement against Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, MSSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium (VRE), and E. coli (ESBL; only fosfomycin). Test specimens of the bone cement were formed and bacteria in two concentrations were added one time or repeatedly up to 96 h. All fosfomycin-containing cement killed ultimately all MSSA, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and E. coli within 24 h; growth of MRSA was suppressed up to 48 h. Activity of daptomycin-containing cement depended on the concentration; the highest concentrated bone cement used (1.5 g daptomycin/40 g of powder) was active against all one-time added bacteria. When bacteria were added repeatedly to fosfomycin-containing cement, growth was suppressed up to 96 h and that of MRSA and VRE only up to 24 h. The highest concentration of daptomycin suppressed the growth of repeated added bacteria up to 48 h (VRE) until 96 h (MSSA, MRSA). In conclusion, PMMA bone cement with 1.5 g of daptomycin and 0.5 g of gentamicin may be an alternative in treatment of periprosthetic infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.

• agriculture
• antimicrobial
• food
• health
• polymers
• textile
• water purification

• antimicrobial activity
• antimicrobial resistance
• nanoparticles
• oxidative stress

• Animals
• Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology
• Bacteria/drug effects
• Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects
• Humans
• Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
• Nanotechnology/trends

Currently, the technique which provides the best chances for a successful bone graft, is the use of bone tissue from the same patient receiving it (autograft); the main limitations are the limited availability and the risks involved in removing living bone tissue, for example, explant site pain and morbidity. Allografts and xenografts may overcome these limitations; however, they increase the risk of rejection. For all these reasons the development of an artificial bone graft material is particularly important and hydrogels are a promising alternative for bone regeneration. Gels were prepared using 1,4-butanediol diacrylate as crosslinker and alpha tricalciumphosphate; ZnCl₂ and SrCl₂ were added to the aqueous phase. MTT results demonstrated that the addition of strontium had a beneficial effect on the osteoblast cells density on hydrogels, and zinc instead did not increase osteoblast proliferation. The amount of calcium produced by the osteoblast cells quantified through the Alizarin Red protocol revealed that both strontium and zinc positively influenced the formation of calcium; furthermore, their effect was synergistic. Rheology properties were used to mechanically characterize the hydrogels and especially the influence of crosslinker's concentration on them, showing the hydrogels presented had extremely good mechanical properties. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of strontium and zinc in the hydrogels against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was determined.

• bone cement
• creep
• mechanical testing
• nanoindentation
• orthopaedics

Infections after orthopedic surgery are a very unwelcome outcome; despite the widespread use of antibiotics, their incidence can be as high as 10%. This risk is likely to increase as antibiotics are gradually losing efficacy as a result of bacterial resistance; therefore, novel antimicrobial approaches are required. Parabens are a class of compounds whose antimicrobial activity is employed in many cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. We developed propylparaben nanoparticles that are hydrophilic, thus expanding the applicability of parabens to aqueous systems. In this paper we assess the possibility of employing paraben nanoparticles as antimicrobial compound in bone cements. The nanoparticles were embedded in various types of bone cement (poly(methyl methacrylate) [PMMA], hydroxyapatite, and brushite) and the antimicrobial activity was determined against common causes of postorthopedic surgery infections such as: Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Nanoparticles at concentrations as low as 1% w/w in brushite bone cement were capable of preventing pathogens growth, 5% w/w was needed for hydroxyapatite bone cement, while 7% w/w was required for PMMA bone cement. No detrimental effect was determined by the addition of paraben nanoparticles on bone cement compression strength and cytocompatibility. Our results demonstrate that paraben nanoparticles can be encapsulated in bone cement, providing concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity; furthermore, lower concentrations are needed in calcium phosphate (brushite and hydroxyapatite) than in acrylic (PMMA) bone cements. These nanoparticles are effective against a wide spectrum of bacteria, including those already resistant to the antibiotics routinely employed in orthopedic applications, such as gentamicin.

• PMMA
• antimicrobial
• bone cement
• brushite
• hydroxyapatite
• paraben

• antibiotics
• bone infection
• in situ delivery
• nanoparticles

Infections are frequent and very undesired occurrences after orthopedic procedures; furthermore, the growing concern caused by the rise in antibiotic resistance is progressively dwindling the efficacy of such drugs. Artificial bone graft materials could solve some of the problems associated with the gold standard use of natural bone graft such as limited bone material, pain at the donor site and rejections if donor tissue is used. We have previously described new acrylate base nanocomposite hydrogels as bone graft materials. In the present paper, we describe the integration of silver nanoparticles in the polymeric mineralized biomaterial to provide non-antibiotic antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Two different crosslinking degrees were tested and the silver nanoparticles were integrated into the composite matrix by means of three different methods: entrapment in the polymeric hydrogel before the mineralization; diffusion during the process of calcium phosphate crystallization and adsorption post-mineralization. The latter being generally the most effective method of encapsulation; however, the adsorption of silver nanoparticles inside the pores of the biomaterial led to a decreasing antibacterial activity for adsorption time longer than 2 days.

•

Acrylate based hydrogels were prepared.

• Hydrogels
• Infections
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
• Nanoparticles
• Silver
• Staphylococcus epidermidis