Review
Copyright ©2012 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Clin Oncol. Apr 10, 2012; 3(4): 48-56
Published online Apr 10, 2012. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v3.i4.48
Table 1 Methylation of H3K4, H3K9, H3K27 and H3K36
iH3K4me(i)H3K9me(i)H3K27me(i)H3K36me(i)
0OffOnOnOff
1OnOffOffOn
2OnOffOffOn
3OnOffOffOn
Table 2 Known roles of Ras-superfamily GTPases in Caenorhabditis elegans: Homologs in humans
C.elegansgene nameHuman homologDevelopmental role(s)
Ras/Rap/Ral family
let-60K-RasCell fate determination, oocyte meiotic maturation, sex myoblast migration, axon pathfinding, olfaction, response to microbacterium nematophilum infection
Rho family
rho-1RhoACytokinesis, hypodermal contraction, P cell migration, axon pathfinding
cdc-42Cdc42Cytokinesis, embryonic polarity, axon pathfinding
ced-10Rac1Gastrulation, cell migration (P cells, distal tip cells), cell corpse phagocytosis, neuronal migration, axon pathfinding, vulval morphogenesis
rac-2Rac1Neuronal migration, axon pathfinding
mig-2MtlCell migration (P-cells, distal tip cells, Q cells and descendants), neuronal migration, axon pathfinding, vulval morphogenesis
Rab family
rab-1Rab1Innate immunity gene expression
rab-3Rab3Synaptic vesicle trafficking and release
Arf/Sar family
arl-6Arf6Ciliary vesicle trafficking and Bardet-Beidl syndromes
evl-20Arf2Microtubule organization, vulval cell division, tissue morphogenesis
Ran family
ran-1RanNuclear trafficking, nuclear reassembly, Kinetechore association with the mitotic spindle
Table 3 Caenorhabditis elegans orthologs of mammalian autophagy-related genes
C. elegans geneMammalian geneFunction
erp-1Bif-1Bax interacting factor that associates with Uvrag and Beclin 1
C33A11.4DRAMp53-induced damage-regulated
ced-9Bcl-2Anti-apoptotic protein, negative regulator of Beclin 1-mediated autophagy
Table 4 Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes in Caenorhabditis elegans: homologs and loss-of-function phenotypes
C. elegansPeptide-conjugatedHumanPhenotypes
ubc-1UbUBE2A; UBE2BWT (RNAi)
ubc-2/let-70UbUBE2D1/UBCH5A; UBE2D2/UBCH5B; UBE2D3/UBCH5Cembryonic arrest at pre-comma stage (RNAi)
ubc-3UbCDC34; FLJ20419WT (RNAi)
ubc-6UbNCUBE1WT (RNAi)
ubc-7UbUBE2G1WT (RNAi)
ubc-8UbUBE2HWT (RNAi)
ubc-9SUMOUBE2Iembryonic arrest post- gastrulation before muscle movement (RNAi)
ubc-12NED-8 (Nedd8)UBE2Membryonic arrest at the comma stage (RNAi)
ubc-13UbUBE2N; BAA93711WT (RNAi)
ubc-14UbUBE2G2embryonic arrest post- gastrulation before muscle movement (RNAi)
ubc-15UbNCUBE1WT (RNAi)
ubc-18UbUBE2L1; UBE2L3/ UBCH7; UBE2L6reduced growth rate and brood size (mut)
ubc-20UbHIP2impenetrant L3 and L4 larval arrest (RNAi)
ubc-21UbHIP2WT (RNAi)
ubc-22UbUBE2L1; UBE2L3/ UBCH7; UBE2L6WT (RNAi)
ubc-23UbHIP2WT (RNAi)
Table 5 Hox genes of the Caenorhabditis elegans: Homologs of humans
Gene productMammalian relative(s)Molecular function
EGL-5EGg- laying defectsHox9-13 (all human posterior Hox genes)Hox transcription factor. Upregulated by Ras signaling.
LIN-39Abnormal cell LINeageHoxB5Hox transcription factor. Upregulated by Ras signaling.