Construction and validation of a novel prognostic nomogram for patients with poorly differentiated gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of 336 patients, n (%)

Clinicopathological characteristics	n (%)
Age (year), mean ± SD	62.7 ± 9.35
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD	4.7 ± 2.40
Gender
Male	277 (82.4)
Female	59 (17.6)
Smoking history
Yes	143 (42.6)
No	193 (57.4)
Drinking history
Yes	142 (42.3)
No	194 (57.7)
Pathological grade
NEC	227 (67.6)
MANEC	109 (32.4)
CgA
Positive	230 (68.5)
Negative	106 (31.5)
Syn
Positive	324 (96.4)
Negative	12 (3.6)
CD56
Positive	271 (80.7)
Negative	65 (19.3)
Vascular cancer
Yes	117 (34.8)
No	219 (65.2)
Perineural invasion
Yes	64 (19.0)
No	272 (81.0)
Ki-67 index (%)
< 70	104 (31.0)
≥ 70	232 (69.0)
Tumor diameter (cm)
< 3	45 (13.4)
≥ 3	291 (86.6)
Tumor morphology
Uplift	52 (15.5)
Ulcer	272 (81.0)
Others	12 (3.5)
Tumor location
Upper third	199 (59.2)
Middle third	53 (15.8)
Lower third	78 (23.2)
Others	6 (1.8)
Invasion depth
T1	27 (8.0)
T2	41 (12.3)
T3	111 (33.0)
T4	157 (46.7)
Lymph node metastasis
N0	77 (22.9)
N1	77 (22.9)
N2	86 (25.6)
N3	96 (28.6)
Distant metastasis
M0	275 (81.8)
M1	61 (18.2)
TNM stage
I stage	48 (14.3)
II stage	83 (24.7)
III stage	144 (42.9)
IV stage	61 (18.1)
PLR
Low-PLR	193 (57.4)
High-group	143 (42.6)
FBG
Low-FBG	218 (64.9)
High-FBG	118 (35.1)

BMI: Body mass index; NEC: Neuroendocrine carcinoma; MANEC: Mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma; CgA: Chromogranin A; Syn: Synuclein; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; FBG: Fibrinogen.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of survival time of gastric cancer patients

Clinicopathological characteristics	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Age (year)	1.030	1.012-1.048	0.001	1.040	1.019-1.061	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	0.959	0.916-1.004	0.071	-	-	-
Gender
Female vs male	0.938	0.612-1.437	0.767	-	-	-
Smoking history
Yes vs no	1.120	0.821-1.528	0.474	-	-	-
Drinking history
Yes vs no	1.006	0.738-1.373	0.968	-	-	-
Pathological grade
MANEC vs NEC	0.770	0.546-1.087	0.137	-	-	-
CgA
Positive vs negative	0.768	0.556-1.061	0.109	-	-	-
Syn
Positive vs negative	1.745	0.646-4.710	0.272	-	-	-
CD56
Positive vs negative	1.073	0.734-1.568	0.717	-	-	-
Vascular cancer
Yes vs no	1.461	1.062-2.010	0.020	0.897	0.634-1.268	0.538
perineural invasion
Yes vs no	1.398	0.964-2.029	0.078	-	-	-
Ki-67 index (%)
≥ 70 vs < 70	1.786	1.240-2.571	0.002	1.504	1.022-2.214	0.038
Tumor diameter (cm)
≥ 3 vs < 3	2.713	1.470-5.006	0.001	0.775	0.369-1.628	0.502
Tumor morphology	-	-	0.107	-	-	-
Ulcer vs uplift	1.466	0.933-2.303	0.097	-	-	-
Others vs uplift	0.645	0.193-2.157	0.477	-	-	-
Tumor location	-	-	0.042	-	-	0.082
Middle third vs upper third	1.097	0.715-1.684	0.671	1.388	0.880-2.189	0.159
Lower third vs upper third	0.769	0.519-1.139	0.190	0.756	0.501-1.142	0.184
Others vs upper third	2.655	1.157-6.093	0.021	1.784	0.761-4.183	0.183
Invasion depth	-	-	< 0.001	-	-	0.040
T2 vs T1	3.003	0.846-10.874	0.089	2.224	0.582-8.490	0.242
T3 vs T1	4.824	1.493-15.590	0.009	2.288	0.594-8.819	0.229
T4 vs T1	11.766	3.728-37.133	< 0.001	3.764	0.972-14.575	0.055
Lymph node metastasis	-	-	< 0.001	-	-	< 0.001
N1 vs N0	1.534	0.853-2.759	0.153	1.229	0.654-2.308	0.522
N2 vs N0	3.335	1.966-6.658	< 0.001	2.746	1.518-4.968	0.001
N3 vs N0	8.491	5.117	< 0.001	4.534	2.416-8.355	< 0.001
Distant metastasis
M1 vs M0	4.808	3.396-6.808	< 0.001	2.513	1.666-3.792	< 0.001
TNM stage	-	-	< 0.001	-	-	-
II stage vs I stage	2.012	0.899-4.500	0.089	-	-
III stage vs I stage	5.502	2.649-11.428	< 0.001	-	-	-
IV stage vs I stage	16.746	7.837-35.784	< 0.001	-	-	-
PLR
High-group vs low-PLR	1.840	1.350-2.509	< 0.001	1.424	1.020-1.988	0.038
FBG
High-FBG vs low-FBG	2.386	1.746-3.260	< 0.001	1.153	0.821-1.620	0.410

HR: Hazard ratios; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index; NEC: Neuroendocrine carcinoma; MANEC: Mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma; CgA: Chromogranin A; Syn: Synuclein; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; FBG: Fibrinogen.