Can epigenetic and inflammatory biomarkers identify clinically aggressive prostate cancer?

Figure 1 Hypothetical theory of preinitiation and initiation of prostate cancer. Two important recent discoveries were the presence of resident microbial species in the urinary tract and their role in the initiation of chronic inflammation, proliferative inflammatory atrophy and development of Prostate cancer (PCa). Facts that may explain the higher prevalence of PCa in western countries include elevated inflammation due to metabolic syndrome and associated comorbidities. It is essential to completely characterize the link between these facts to allow the development of strategies for PCa prevention. PCa: Prostate cancer.