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World J Clin Oncol. May 24, 2025; 16(5): 106630
Published online May 24, 2025. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v16.i5.106630
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung: The latest updates
Riccardo Orlandi
Riccardo Orlandi, Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
Author contributions: Orlandi R contributed to the conceptualization, methodology, supervision, validation, writing of original draft, review and editing.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Riccardo Orlandi, MD, Doctor, Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, Milan 20122, Italy. riccardo.orlandi@unimi.it
Received: March 4, 2025
Revised: March 21, 2025
Accepted: April 1, 2025
Published online: May 24, 2025
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Core Tip

Core Tip: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) arise from neuroendocrine cells and vary in malignancy, commonly affecting the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. The 2021 World Health Organization classification of lung tumors categorizes lung NENs into typical and atypical neuroendocrine tumors and high-grade small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. While the classification remains largely unchanged, key clinical updates have been introduced. This review explores the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of lung NENs, highlighting emerging insights, and future directions.