Personalized medicine: Clinical oncology on molecular view of treatment

doi:10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.992

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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2218-4333

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Opinion Review

World J Clin Oncol. Aug 24, 2024; 15(8): 992-1001
Published online Aug 24, 2024. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.992

Personalized medicine: Clinical oncology on molecular view of treatment

Rafick Costa Dos Santos Da Silva, Nathalia de Andrade Simon, André Alves Dos Santos, Gabriel De Melo Olegário, Jayne Ferreira Da Silva, Naide Oliveira Sousa, Manuel Alvarez Troncoso Corbacho, Fabrício Freire de Melo, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória Da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil

Author contributions: Da Silva RCDS and Dos Santos AA conceived the theme and objective of the research, supervised the writing and analysis of project references; Da Silva RCDS, Simon NA, Dos Santos AA, Olegário GDM, Da Silva JF, Sousa NO, Corbacho MAT, and de Melo FF carried out literature searches, critical analysis of the articles used as references and contributed to the writing; Da Silva RCDS and Corbacho MAT created illustrative tables and figures; de Melo FF contributed to the project submission and final supervision.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4. 0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: Https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Fabrício Freire de Melo, PhD, Professor, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormínio Barros, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil. freiremelo@yahoo.com.br

Received: February 29, 2024
Revised: June 3, 2024
Accepted: July 10, 2024
Published online: August 24, 2024
Processing time: 169 Days and 8.1 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: This review emphasizes the importance of precision medicine in cancer treatment, highlighting the role of molecular biology in identifying specific genetic markers for more accurate prognosis and targeted therapies. We discuss the main biomarkers, such as alpha-fetoprotein and programmed death-1, and the revolutionary impact of bioinformatics in the diagnosis of neoplasms. Techniques such as liquid biopsy and immunohistochemistry gain prominence for early detection as a directional tool for therapies. The review also addresses challenges, including costs and tumor heterogeneity, advocating collaborative efforts to ensure these advances are accessible to all.