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World J Clin Oncol. Sep 24, 2022; 13(9): 729-737
Published online Sep 24, 2022. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i9.729
Hyperprogression under treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: A natural process of advanced tumor progression?
Mo-Xuan Wang, Shu-Yue Gao, Fan Yang, Run-Jia Fan, Qin-Na Yang, Tian-Lan Zhang, Nian-Song Qian, Guang-Hai Dai
Mo-Xuan Wang, Shu-Yue Gao, Fan Yang, Run-Jia Fan, Qin-Na Yang, Tian-Lan Zhang, Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
Nian-Song Qian, Department of Oncology, Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
Guang-Hai Dai, Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
Author contributions: Wang MX and Gao SY wrote the article and contributed equally to this article; Yang F performed data accusation; Fan RJ provided input in writing the paper; Yang QN prepared the references; Zhang TL participated in maintaining the integrity of the data; Qian NS designed the outline and coordinated the writing of the paper; Dai QH critically reviewed the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Nian-Song Qian, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Oncology, Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.17 A Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China. kyotomed@foxmail.com
Received: March 28, 2022
Peer-review started: March 28, 2022
First decision: June 22, 2022
Revised: June 26, 2022
Accepted: September 7, 2022
Article in press: September 7, 2022
Published online: September 24, 2022
Processing time: 177 Days and 19.7 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: There have been several literature reviews on the definition, incidence, predictors, potential biomarkers, and prognosis of hyperprogressive disease. However, this is a minireview of two conflicting concepts: HPD is a new form of immunological response vs a natural process of advanced tumor progression. It also takes a look at cellular and molecular mechanisms of the pathways of the tumor microenvironment and recent clinical trials exploring the risk factors and mechanisms of HPD in gastrointestinal cancer.