Segaran N, Devine C, Wang M, Ganeshan D. Current update on imaging for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12(10): 897-911 [PMID: 34733612 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i10.897]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Dhakshinamoorthy Ganeshan, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030, United States. dganeshan@mdanderson.org
Research Domain of This Article
Oncology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Nicole Segaran, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85259, United States
Catherine Devine, Mindy Wang, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
Dhakshinamoorthy Ganeshan, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
Author contributions: Segaran N drafted the review article and contributed to the design of the manuscript; Devine C contributed to the design of the manuscript and edited the draft; Wang M contributed to manuscript design and edited the manuscript; Ganeshan D designed the structure of the overall manuscript and made critical revisions related to important intellectual content of the manuscript; all authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this manuscript.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Dhakshinamoorthy Ganeshan, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030, United States. dganeshan@mdanderson.org
Received: March 31, 2021 Peer-review started: March 31, 2021 First decision: June 7, 2021 Revised: June 21, 2021 Accepted: August 27, 2021 Article in press: August 27, 2021 Published online: October 24, 2021 Processing time: 204 Days and 16.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Imaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Enhancement patterns and diffusion-weighted imaging aid the detection and classification of these lesions. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is useful for the evaluation of hepatic metastases. Dual-tracer positron emission tomography/computed tomography with Gallium-68 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid–octreotate and Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose may be particularly useful for distinguishing grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor from pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Furthermore, these advanced imaging techniques can help in the staging and detection of distant metastases. Evaluation of somatostatin receptor expression and metabolic activity with functional imaging can help select optimal treatment.
