Guo AJ, Deng QY, Dong P, Zhou L, Shi L. Biomarkers associated with immune-related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15(8): 1002-1020 [PMID: 39193157 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.1002]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Lian Zhou, PhD, Attending Doctor, Head and Neck Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400000, China. zhoulianeve@163.com.
Research Domain of This Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Oncol. Aug 24, 2024; 15(8): 1002-1020 Published online Aug 24, 2024. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.1002
Biomarkers associated with immune-related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors
An-Jie Guo, Qing-Yuan Deng, Pan Dong, Lian Zhou, Lei Shi
An-Jie Guo, Qing-Yuan Deng, Pan Dong, Lei Shi, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Lian Zhou, Head and Neck Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400000, China
Co-first authors: An-Jie Guo and Qing-Yuan Deng.
Co-corresponding authors: Lian Zhou and Lei Shi.
Author contributions: Guo AJ, Zhou L and Shi L participated in the design of the study, prepared table, figure and wrote the manuscript; Deng QY and Dong P performed some analysis and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported byThe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, No. 2019CDYGYB024; The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 31300726; and The Chongqing Primary and Middle School Innovation Talent Training Project, No. CY220113.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no competing or financial interests.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Lian Zhou, PhD, Attending Doctor, Head and Neck Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400000, China. zhoulianeve@163.com.
Received: January 8, 2024 Revised: May 13, 2024 Accepted: June 21, 2024 Published online: August 24, 2024 Processing time: 220 Days and 22.8 Hours
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) constitute a pivotal class of immunotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment. However, their widespread clinical application has led to a notable surge in immune-related adverse events (irAEs), significantly affecting the efficacy and survival rates of patients undergoing ICI therapy. While conventional hematological and imaging tests are adept at detecting organ-specific toxicities, distinguishing adverse reactions from those induced by viruses, bacteria, or immune diseases remains a formidable challenge. Consequently, there exists an urgent imperative for reliable biomarkers capable of accurately predicting or diagnosing irAEs. Thus, a thorough review of existing studies on irAEs biomarkers is indispensable. Our review commences by providing a succinct overview of major irAEs, followed by a comprehensive summary of irAEs biomarkers across various dimensions. Furthermore, we delve into innovative methodologies such as machine learning, single-cell RNA sequencing, multiomics analysis, and gut microbiota profiling to identify novel, robust biomarkers that can facilitate precise irAEs diagnosis or prediction. Lastly, this review furnishes a concise exposition of irAEs mechanisms to augment understanding of irAEs prediction, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
Core tip: The development of effective biomarkers for precise immune-related adverse events (irAEs) prediction and diagnosis is urgently needed. Therefore, a comprehensive review of current studies on irAEs biomarkers is essential. This review encompasses major irAEs and provides an overview of existing biomarkers for prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis. Additionally, it explores diverse approaches for identifying novel, reliable biomarkers, including machine learning, single-cell RNA sequencing, multiomics analysis, and gut microbiota assessment. Lastly, the review delves into the mechanisms underlying irAEs to enhance comprehension and guide the prediction, diagnosis, and management of these events.
