Nanomaterials: Applications in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer

Table 1 The summary of the application of nanomaterials in pancreatic cancer in this study

Nanomaterials	Example	Function
Nanoparticles (NPs)	Silica NPs	Photobiological imaging research[24] MRI contrast agent[25]
	Albumin NPs	Wrap anti-proliferation drug (PvD) to target cancer cell[26]
	Delivery NPs	Safely deliver Gemcitabine to tumor cells and eliminate toxic effects on normal cells[27]
Quantum dots (QDs)	Ag2Se QDs	Image pancreatic cancer (PC) in vivo[28]
	CTC QDs	Identify CD24+ and CD133+ to detect CTCs[29]
	ZnO QDs	Better detection of CA19-9 and PC cell[30]
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)	CA19-9 CNTs	Construct a novel immune sensor and more efficient detection of early PC[31]
	Multi-walled CNTs	Built genetic fingerprints of PC[32]
Gold nanoparticles	PEGAuNPs	Effectively deliver drugs to tumor cells
		Further suppressing cancer cell proliferation and reducing the toxicity to normal cells[33]
		Improvement in the efficacy of photothermal chemotherapy in PC[34]
Liposome	Collagenase liposome	Prolonging drug release rate at the target site, and effectively improving the efficacy of the drug[35]
	Gemcitabine liposome	Local hyperthermia with liposomes combined with gemcitabine induce cell death and the formation of apoptotic areas[37]