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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. May 22, 2021; 12(3): 25-39
Published online May 22, 2021. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v12.i3.25
Published online May 22, 2021. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v12.i3.25
Neuroimmunomodulation by gut bacteria: Focus on inflammatory bowel diseases
Surbhi Aggarwal, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
Surbhi Aggarwal, Raju Ranjha, Jaishree Paul, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi 110067, India
Raju Ranjha, Field Unit Raipur, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Raipur 492015, Chhattisgarh, India
Author contributions: Aggarwal S conceptualized and wrote the paper; Ranjha R and Paul J performed the review and editing of the paper.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Surbhi Aggarwal, PhD, Postdoctoral Fellow, Research Associate, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi 110016, India. aggarwalsurbhi28@gmail.com
Received: December 14, 2020
Peer-review started: December 14, 2020
First decision: February 14, 2021
Revised: March 1, 2021
Accepted: April 20, 2021
Article in press: April 20, 2021
Published online: May 22, 2021
Processing time: 150 Days and 21.2 Hours
Peer-review started: December 14, 2020
First decision: February 14, 2021
Revised: March 1, 2021
Accepted: April 20, 2021
Article in press: April 20, 2021
Published online: May 22, 2021
Processing time: 150 Days and 21.2 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Dysbiosis in gut bacteria is a well-established factor, and the abnormality in the enteric nervous system is an emerging aspect that influences the gut inflammation. Both of them contribute to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis by modulating the host immune response. Through this review, we linked the two pathological mechanisms and explained how neuroimmunomodulation by gut bacteria play a crucial role in IBD. We elaborated all the known neuromediators produced by gut bacteria and the role of each neuromediator as well as the respective gut bacteria in inflammatory signaling pathways especially in IBD.