Evaluation of variations in sinonasal region with computed tomography

Table 1 All anatomical variations, frequency and significance of the relations with mucosal diseases

Anatomical variations	NO. (n = 400)	Frequency (%)	P value
Deviated nasal septum	238	59.5	0.318
Nasal septal spur	169	42.3	0.248
Nasal septum pneumatization	8	2	0.150
Concha bullosa	270	67.5	0.910
Paradoxical middle turbinate	63	15.8	0.821
Secondary middle turbinate	4	1	0.999
Superior concha bullosa	52	13	0.950
Inferior concha bullosa	7	1.8	0.461
Paradoxical inferior turbinate	10	2.5	0.760
Curved uncinate process	5	1.3	0.381
Atelectatic uncinate process	2	0.5	0.999
Uncinate process pneumatization	55	13.8	0.004
Lamina papyracea dehiscence	1	0.3	-
Agger nasi cell	299	74.8	0.962
Haller cell	31	7.8	0.167
Giant ethmoid bulla	25	6.3	0.002
Fronto-ethmoidal (Kuhn) cell	274	57.7	0.171
Supraorbital ethmoidal cell	36	9	0.298
Frontal bulla cell	98	24.5	0.846
Frontal intersinus septal cell	14	3.5	0.298
Onodi cell	101	25.3	0.610
Ethmomaxillary sinüs	11	2.8	0.744
Maksiller sinüs hipoplazisi	32	8	0.959
Septalı maksiller sinüs	21	5.3	0.999
Accessory maxillary ostium	87	21.8	0.575
Frontal sinus agenesis	29	7.2	0.918
Frontal sinus hypoplasia	87	21.8	0.206
Crista galli pneumatization	13	3.3	0.245
Sphenoid sinus agenesis	10	2.5	0.523
Sphenoid sinus hypoplasia	58	14.5	0.879
Anterior clinoid process pneumatization	102	25.5	0.399
Protrusion of the optic nerve into sphenoid sinus	141	35.3	0.472
Protrusion of internal carotid artery	184	46	-
Dehiscence of internal carotid artery	8	2	-
Septum related to the internal carotid artery	52	13	-
Pterygoid process pneumatization	207	51.7	0.457
Protrusion of the vidian nerve into sphenoid sinus	222	55.5	-
Greater wing of the sphenoid pneumatization	73	18.2	0.161
Protrusion of the maxillary nerve into sphenoid sinus	99	24.7	-

Table 2 Concha bullosa types and frequencies

Type	NO. (n = 431)	Frequency (%)
Right vertical lamellar	102	23.6
Right inferior bulbous	29	6.7
Right extensive	90	20.8
Left vertical lamellar	104	24.1
Left inferior bulbous	25	5.8
Left extensive	81	18.7

Table 3 Uncinate process binding types and frequencies

	Type	No. of patients (n = 400)	Frequency (%)
Right uncinate process	Type 1	83	20.8
	Type 2	257	64.3
	Type 3	60	15
Left uncinate process	Type 1	88	22
	Type 2	251	62.8
	Type 3	61	15.3

Table 4 Fronto-ethmoid (Kuhn) cells types and frequencies

Type	n	Frequency (%)
Type 1	119	43.4
Type 2	80	29.2
Type 3	66	24.1
Type 4	9	3.3
Total	274	100

Table 5 Anterior clinoid process pneumatization and internal carotid artery protrusion frequencies n (%)

Anterior clinoid process pneumatization	Internal carotid artery protrusion
	None	Right	Left	Bilateral	Total
None	188 (63.1)	15 (5)	23 (7.7)	72 (24.2)	298 (100)
Right	11 (35.5)	4 (12.9)	3 (9.7)	13 (41.9)	31 (100)
Left	8 (30.8)	3 (11.5)	5 (19.2)	10 (38.5)	26 (100)
Bilateral	9 (20)	5 (11.1)	3 (6.7)	28 (62.2)	45 (100)
Total	216 (54)	27 (6.8)	34 (8.5)	123 (30.8)	400 (100)