Prediction of hepatic artery occlusion after liver transplantation by ultrasound characteristics and clinical risk factors

Table 1 Summary of sociodemographic characteristics and intraoperative situation of both groups

	Non-HAO	A-HAO	P value	C-HAO	P value
Sex			0.66		0.41
Female	6 (18.18)	1 (7.14)		1 (6.67)
Male	27 (81.82)	13 (92.86)		14 (93.33)
Age, yr	52.2 ± 11.5	44.1 ± 11.9	0.04	46.4 ± 12.3	0.12
HAR			0.01		0.58
N	31 (93.94)	8 (57.14)		13 (86.67)
Y	2 (6.06)	6 (42.86)		2 (13.33)
MELD score	23.7 ± 11.3	19.5 ± 10.9	0.25	26.7 ± 10.3	0.37
ALT (D-1)	33.00 (25.00, 175.76)	44.00 (30.25, 90.07)	0.45	21.00 (15.00, 35.53)	0.2
AST (D-1)	69.00 (37.00, 348.85)	52.50 (45.50, 70.86)	0.15	22.00 (17.00, 29.60)	0.09
GGT (D-1)	48.00 (38.00, 72.55)	93.50 (48.50, 122.71)	0.02	43.00 (33.50, 99.73)	0.33
D-dimer	3.09 (1.24, 5.70)	5.01 (2.27, 5.76)	0.97	1.22 (0.46, 1.30)	< 0.01
		2.5 (1.0, 6.6)		153.0 (92.0, 325.7)
Intraoperative variables
Cold ischemic time (h)	6.00 (5.00, 5.94)	5.60 (5.00, 5.80)	0.75	5.00 (4.00, 5.69)	0.64
Total operative time (h)	8.15 (7.62, 8.72)	9.25 (8.27, 9.40)	0.38	8.67 (7.67, 9.17)	0.52
Hepatic phase (min)	40.00 (36.00, 43.09)	40.00 (32.75, 41.79)	0.71	37.00 (36.00, 40.53)	0.45
Frozen plasma (mL)	1300 (1000, 1353)	1400 (962, 1507)	0.44	1400 (1350, 1460)	0.50
Intraoperative urine output (mL)	1350 (575, 1612)	1500 (725, 1361)	0.51	1800 (500, 1909)	0.50
Total amount of infusion (mL)	4525 (3550, 5124)	5625 (4984, 5734)	0.34	6150 (4050, 5957)	0.24
Intraoperative bleeding (mL)	1000 (800, 1548)	1125 (500, 2282)	0.18	1500 (700, 2160)	0.29

Data are presented as the mean ± SD, with the range of values shown in parentheses. The non-hepatic artery occlusion (HAO) group comprised patients without any hepatic artery complications after liver transplantation. The acute HAO (A-HAO) and chronic HAO (C-HAO) groups included patients with either complete HAO or significant stenosis causing complications. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; HAR: Hepatic artery reconstructions; HAO: Hepatic artery occlusion; GGT: Gamma-glutamyltransferase; N: No reconstruction; Y: Reconstruction performed; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; D-1: The day before arterial occlusion.

Table 2 Description of ultrasound features in different groups

Imaging marker	Non-HAO	A-HAO	P value	C-HAO	P value
L-PV (cm/s)	24.00 (19.00, 23.42)	29.00 (19.25, 34.86)	0.01	21.00 (13.50, 23.07)	0.06
R-PV (cm/s)	31.00 (24.00, 34.82)	38.50 (27.25, 40.86)	0.21	27.00 (20.00, 36.87)	0.73
PV (cm/s)	42.00 (28.00, 53.42)	58.00 (49.75, 59.00)	0.57	32.00 (26.50, 39.20)	0.14
PSV of pre-occlusion HA	84.00 (68.00, 91.61)	38.00 (17.25, 50.79)	< 0.01	42.00 (18.00, 58.01)	< 0.01
RI of pre-occlusion HA	0.66 (0.64, 0.66)	0.92 (0.70, 0.82)	< 0.01	0.60 (0.53, 0.56)	< 0.01
PSV of pre-occlusion LHA	47.00 (34.00, 50.12)	19.00 (12.00, 23.71)	< 0.01	23.00 (14.50, 23.07)	< 0.01
RI of pre-occlusion LHA	0.58 (0.53, 0.57)	1.00 (0.53, 0.77)	< 0.01	0.42 (0.39, 0.44)	< 0.01
PSV of pre-occlusion RHA	45.00 (37.00, 48.03)	21.50 (13.00, 25.29)	< 0.01	25.00 (17.00, 25.53)	< 0.01
RI of pre-occlusion RHA	0.59 (0.56, 0.58)	1.00 (0.48, 0.78)	< 0.01	0.40 (0.38, 0.41)	< 0.01

Data are presented as the mean ± SD, with the range of values shown in parentheses. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. L-PV: Left portal vein; R-PV: Right portal vein; PV: Portal vein; PSV: Peak systolic velocity; RI: Resistance index; HA: Hepatic artery; LHA: Left hepatic artery; RHA: Right hepatic artery.