Nomogram for predicting short-term response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: An observational study

Figure 1 Flowchart of study cohort selection. NAMD: Neovascular age-related macular degeneration; anti-VEGF: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor; OCTA: Optical coherence tomography angiography.

Figure 2 Morphological findings of choroidal neovascularization evaluated through qualitative analysis of optical coherence tomography angiography. A: A 51-year-old female patient with a "medusa" or "sea fan" pattern of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the oculus sinister; B: An 85-year-old male patient with a "long linear vessels" pattern of CNV in the oculus dexter; C: A 65-year-old female patient with an "indistinct network" pattern of CNV in the oculus sinister; D-F: Corresponding B-scan images showing the segmentation lines; G-I: Corresponding B-scan images with flow signals.

Figure 3 The constructed nomogram for predicting response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.

Figure 4 A 74-year-old female patient with an "indistinct network" pattern of choroidal neovascularization in the oculus dexter. A: 3 mm × 3 mm en-face optical coherence tomography angiography image showing the dense small vessels after removal of projection artifacts; B: Corresponding en-face choriocapillaris images were imported into ImageJ software for quantitative measurement of choroidal neovascularization parameters, including fractal dimension; C: End-point voxels in blue, slab voxels in orange, and junction voxels in purple; D: Longest shortest path in red.

Figure 5 Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis for the model predicting anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy response. A: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the predictive model; B: ROC curves based on 500 bootstrap re-samples; C: ROC curves comparing different models; D: Calibration curves based on 500 bootstrap re-samples; E: Calibration curves comparing different models; F: Decision curve analysis based on 500 bootstrap re-samples; G: Decision curve analysis comparing different models.