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World J Radiol. Aug 28, 2014; 6(8): 583-588
Published online Aug 28, 2014. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i8.583
Published online Aug 28, 2014. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i8.583
Pathophysiology, clinical features and radiological findings of differentiation syndrome/all-trans-retinoic acid syndrome
Luciano Cardinale, Francesco Asteggiano, Federica Moretti, Federico Torre, Institute of Radiology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, AOU S.Luigi Gonzaga, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
Stefano Ulisciani, Carmen Fava, Giovanna Rege-Cambrin, Division of Hematology and Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of University of Turin, AOU S.Luigi Gonzaga, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
Author contributions: Cardinale L planned the research; Asteggiano F and Torre F collected the materials; Ulisciani S, Fava C, Rege-Cambrin G were involved in the collection of clinical data; Moretti F and Ulisciani S wrote the paper assisted by Fava C; Cardinale L and Rege-Cambrin G reviewed this commentary and supervised its publication; Asteggiano F, Moretti F and Torre F were involved in the language translation.
Correspondence to: Luciano Cardinale, PhD, Institute of Radiology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, AOU S.Luigi Gonzaga, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy. luciano.cardinale@gmail.com
Telephone: +39-11-90261 Fax: +39-11-9026303
Received: December 28, 2013
Revised: July 9, 2014
Accepted: July 17, 2014
Published online: August 28, 2014
Processing time: 243 Days and 11.5 Hours
Revised: July 9, 2014
Accepted: July 17, 2014
Published online: August 28, 2014
Processing time: 243 Days and 11.5 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Aim of this review is to illustrate the spectrum of chest imaging findings which lead to suspect a diagnosis of differentiation syndrome, which arise in patients suffering of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia after treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid or other differentiating drugs, in order to facilitate the differential diagnosis with other life-threatening pulmonary complications occurring in this subset of highly immunocompromised patients.