Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Exploration of sex-specific and age-dependent COVID-19 fatality rate in Bangladesh population
Showna Hossain, Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
Md Kudrat-E Zahan, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
Author contributions: Al-Bari MAA wrote, critically revised the manuscript and proofread; Hossain S analysed the data; Zahan MKE designed the study; this manuscript is not under review elsewhere, and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors clearly declare that there are no competing and commercial interests.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Md Abdul Alim Al-Bari, PhD, Professor, Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Dhaka-Rajshahi Highway, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh. alimalbari347@ru.ac.bd
Received: October 26, 2020
Peer-review started: October 26, 2020
First decision: November 16, 2020
Revised: November 20, 2020
Accepted: December 16, 2020
Article in press: December 16, 2020
Published online: January 28, 2021
Processing time: 93 Days and 3 Hours
Peer-review started: October 26, 2020
First decision: November 16, 2020
Revised: November 20, 2020
Accepted: December 16, 2020
Article in press: December 16, 2020
Published online: January 28, 2021
Processing time: 93 Days and 3 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: (1) Older age, male sex and acute illness severity are associated with increased mortality risk; (2) Older age, underlying co-morbidities, social deprivation and ethnicity have been associated with worse outcomes from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19); (3) Sex hormones might be implicated in the age-dependent and sex-specific severity of COVID-19; (4) Male sex hormones usually appear as immunosuppressants, whereas female sex hormones enhances the actions of humoral immunity; and (5) Female sex hormones exert a protective effect of COVID-19 severity on females through direct antiviral activity or immune-mediated mechanisms.