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World J Radiol. Nov 28, 2020; 12(11): 247-260
Published online Nov 28, 2020. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v12.i11.247
Clinical features and radiological manifestations of COVID-19 disease
Pedro Landete, Carlos Andrés Quezada Loaiza, Beatriz Aldave-Orzaiz, Susana Hernández Muñiz, Antonio Maldonado, Enrique Zamora, Allan Charles Sam Cerna, Elia del Cerro, Raquel Cano Alonso, Felipe Couñago
Pedro Landete, Beatriz Aldave-Orzaiz, Enrique Zamora, Department ofPulmonology, H. U. La Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain
Carlos Andrés Quezada Loaiza, Department of Pulmonology, H. 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain
Susana Hernández Muñiz, Department of Radiologist, H. U. La Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain
Antonio Maldonado, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain
Allan Charles Sam Cerna, Department of Pulmonology, Hospital MD Anderson Madrid. España, Madrid 28033, Spain
Elia del Cerro, Felipe Couñago, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
Elia del Cerro, Felipe Couñago, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital La Luz, Madrid 28003, Spain
Elia del Cerro, Felipe Couñago, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain
Raquel Cano Alonso, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Universitario Quirón Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain
Author contributions: Landete P, Quezada Loaiza CA, Aldave-Orzaiz B, Muñiz SH, Maldonado A, Zamora E, Sam-Cerna AC, del Cerro E, Alonso RC, Couñago F analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript; all authors have read and approve the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Pedro Landete, MD, PhD, Attending Doctor, Department of Pulmonology, H. U. La Princesa, Diego de León 62, Madrid 28006, Spain. landete.pedro@gmail.com
Received: May 19, 2020
Peer-review started: May 19, 2020
First decision: July 30, 2020
Revised: August 24, 2020
Accepted: October 26, 2020
Article in press: October 26, 2020
Published online: November 28, 2020
Processing time: 194 Days and 14.3 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Coronavirus is a family of single-stranded RNA viruses transmitted from person to person. Asymptomatic individuals can transmit the virus, although symptomatic patients are more contagious. The incubation period is 3-7 d. Symptoms are mainly respiratory, including pneumonia or pulmonary embolism in severe cases. Blood tests typically show elevated levels of interleukins, associated with disease severity. The disease has three phases: Viral, pulmonary, and hyperinflammatory. To date, no treatment has proved safe or effective. Chest X-ray and computed tomography are the main imaging tests, used to diagnose pneumonia, for follow-up, and to detect complications. The most important radiological findings are ground-glass opacities and areas of consolidation. Some patients may develop pulmonary fibrosis. In patients with pulmonary involvement, positron emission tomography-computed tomography is useful to define the affected areas and to evaluate treatment response.