Gastrointestinal imaging-practical magnetic resonance imaging approach

Abstract

Over the past two decades, advances in cross-sectional imaging such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have dramatically changed the concept of gastrointestinal imaging. MR is playing an increasing role in the evaluation of gastrointestinal disorders. MRI combines the advantages of excellent soft-tissue contrast, noninvasiveness, functional information and lack of ionizing radiation. Furthermore, recent developments of MRI have led to improved spatial and temporal resolution as well as decreased motion artifacts. In this article we describe the technical aspects of gastrointestinal MRI and present a practical approach for a well-known spectrum of gastrointestinal disease processes.

Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; Crohn’s disease; Celiac disease; Appendicitis; Diverticulitis; Rectal cancer; Gastric tumors; Small bowel tumors

Core tip: The implementation of fast and ultra-fast sequences and dedicated advanced imaging protocols render magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) an excellent tool for gastrointestinal (GI) imaging. State of the art MRI/magnetic resonance enterography has rapidly emerged as successful gastrointestinal imaging modality, offering detailed anatomic and morphologic information and also permitting evaluation of extra-luminal manifestation and extension of disease. The lack of ionizing radiation makes MRI the preferred modality in many GI disease processes. In this article we describe the technical aspects of gastrointestinal MRI and present a practical approach for a well-known spectrum of gastrointestinal disease processes.