Mukundan A, Gupta D, Karmakar R, Wang HC. Transforming pediatric imaging: The role of four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging in quantifying mesenteric blood flow. World J Radiol 2025; 17(6): 106582 [PMID: 40606042 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v17.i6.106582]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Hsiang-Chen Wang, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Graduate Institute of Opto-Mechatronics, No. 168 Section 1, Daxue Road, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan. hcwang@ccu.edu.tw
Research Domain of This Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Article-Type of This Article
Letter to the Editor
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Radiol. Jun 28, 2025; 17(6): 106582 Published online Jun 28, 2025. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v17.i6.106582
Transforming pediatric imaging: The role of four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging in quantifying mesenteric blood flow
Arvind Mukundan, Devansh Gupta, Riya Karmakar, Hsiang-Chen Wang
Arvind Mukundan, Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nādu, India
Arvind Mukundan, Riya Karmakar, Hsiang-Chen Wang, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
Devansh Gupta, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147001, Punjab, India
Co-first authors: Arvind Mukundan and Devansh Gupta.
Co-corresponding authors: Hsiang-Chen Wang and Riya Karmakar.
Author contributions: Mukundan A and Wang HC performed formal analysis, acquired the funding for this research, conducted project administration, provided resources; Mukundan A, Gupta D, and Karmakar R developed the methodology; Gupta D wrote the original draft; Gupta D and Karmakar R carried out investigation, were responsible for software; Wang HC supervised the research; Mukundan A, Gupta D, Karmakar R and Wang HC conceptualized and designed the research, performed data curation, and performed writing–review and editing; all of the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest in publishing the manuscript.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Hsiang-Chen Wang, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Graduate Institute of Opto-Mechatronics, No. 168 Section 1, Daxue Road, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan. hcwang@ccu.edu.tw
Received: March 4, 2025 Revised: April 18, 2025 Accepted: May 21, 2025 Published online: June 28, 2025 Processing time: 117 Days and 4.7 Hours
Abstract
The article "Assessment of superior mesenteric vascular flow quantitation in children using four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging" suggests to use of four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is also to measure the blood flow in the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) in pediatric patients over the traditional method. The study focuses on assessing the potential of SMV and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) flow quantification in children utilizing 4D flow MRI. It included 9 pediatric patients aged 18 years and below where 5 were male and 4 were female patients, on whom magnetic resonance enterorrhaphy (MRE) with 4D flow MRI protocol was used. Statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc. Measurements of SMV and SMA between two readers were calculated using Bland-Altman analysis. The results stated that six patients showed no MRE evidence of active inflammatory bowel disease, two patients showed unmarkable bowel appearance on MRI and one patient showed normal MRE without endoscopy performed at the same timeframe. The study utilized available 4D flow MRI sequences in this study aiming to show the feasibility of 4D flow quantitation of SMA and SMV flow in pediatric patients. The study also discovered good agreement for both peak velocity and peak speed measurements of SMA and SMV.
Core Tip: This study determines blood flow in children's abdomens using a unique form of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) known as four-dimensional (4D) flow. The superior mesenteric artery and vein were the primary targets of the medical team's attention. This method does not involve radiation; therefore, it is safer than traditional X-rays. It also depicts the direction and speed of blood flow. There were nine youngsters who were examined, and the findings demonstrated that 4D flow MRI can assist in the early detection of stomach disorders. It has the potential to improve pediatric care while decreasing expenses and dangers. The 4D flow MRI could prove rather useful in treating intestinal problems with future investigation.
