Ma R, Wang YM, Guan H, Zhang L, Zhang W, Chen LC. Pulmonary abscess caused by Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae in a child: A case report and review of literature. World J Radiol 2024; 16(8): 362-370 [PMID: 39239243 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v16.i8.362]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Wei Zhang, Doctor, MD, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, No. 107 Beier Road, No. 32 district, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. zwxnh1@163.com
Research Domain of This Article
Pediatrics
Article-Type of This Article
Case Report
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Radiol. Aug 28, 2024; 16(8): 362-370 Published online Aug 28, 2024. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v16.i8.362
Pulmonary abscess caused by Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae in a child: A case report and review of literature
Ran Ma, Yan-Mei Wang, Hua Guan, Li Zhang, Wei Zhang, Ling-Cai Chen
Ran Ma, Department of Pediatrics, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Yan-Mei Wang, Li Zhang, Wei Zhang, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Hua Guan, Department of Pediatrics, Corps Fourth Division Hospital, Yining 844500, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Ling-Cai Chen, Department of Pediatrics, Corps First Division Hospital, Aksu 842008, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Author contributions: Ma R contributed to manuscript writing, editing and making the audio; Zhang W contributed to conceptualization and supervision; Wang YM, Guan H, Zhang L, Chen LC contributed to supervision; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported byCorps Guiding Plan Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, No. 2022ZD031; Financial Science and Technology Plan Project of Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, No. 2022NY01; and Research Project of Shihezi University of Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, No. ZZZC202072A.
Informed consent statement: The patients provided informed consent for publication of the case.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Wei Zhang, Doctor, MD, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, No. 107 Beier Road, No. 32 district, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. zwxnh1@163.com
Received: April 30, 2024 Revised: August 5, 2024 Accepted: August 9, 2024 Published online: August 28, 2024 Processing time: 119 Days and 17.5 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Lung abscess found on chest X-ray and computed tomography examinations is rare in infants and young children. Several pathogens can cause lung abscesses, with the most common pathogens being anaerobes, Streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae (S. pseudopneumoniae) is a member of the Streptococcaceae family, and is mainly isolated from respiratory tract specimens. There are currently no cases of lung abscess caused by S. pseudopneumoniae in the literature.
CASE SUMMARY
A 2-year-old boy was admitted to hospital due to persistent cough and fever. Lung computed tomography examination suggested the formation of a lung abscess. His diagnosis was not confirmed by testing for serum respiratory pathogens (6 items), respiratory pathogen nucleic acid (27 items), and laboratory culture. Finally, metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed the presence of S. pseudopneumoniae, confirming its role in causing the lung abscess. After receiving antibiotic treatment, reexamination with lung computed tomography showed that the abscess was resorbed and the patient’s outcome was good.
CONCLUSION
This is the first report of a lung abscess in a child caused by S. pseudopneumoniae infection. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is helpful in achieving rapid and accurate pathogen identification.
Core Tip: This report describes a 2-year-old boy presenting with a lung abscess attributed to Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae (S. pseudopneumoniae) infection. Pulmonary abscess is uncommon in pediatric respiratory diseases, and can be caused by a variety of pathogens. Despite multiple etiological tests conducted upon admission, no pathogen was identified. Eventually, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was employed and confirmed the presence of S. pseudopneumoniae. There are currently no reports of pulmonary abscess caused by S. pseudopneumoniae infection in the international literature. This case highlights the significance of mNGS in pulmonary infectious diseases, which is regarded as a complementary approach to conventional respiratory pathogen diagnostic techniques.
