Published online May 28, 2020. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v12.i5.76
Peer-review started: February 25, 2020
First decision: April 7, 2020
Revised: April 19, 2020
Accepted: May 12, 2020
Article in press: May 12, 2020
Published online: May 28, 2020
Processing time: 91 Days and 18.8 Hours
Two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) is used in the clinical setting for observation of the liver. Unfortunately, a wide spectrum of artifactual images are frequently encountered in 2D-SWE, the precise mechanisms of which remain incompletely understood. This review was designed to present many of the artifactual images seen in 2D-SWE of the liver and to analyze them by computer simulation models that support clinical observations. Our computer simulations yielded the following suggestions: (1) When performing 2D-SWE in patients with chronic hepatic disease, especially liver cirrhosis, it is recommended to measure shear wave values through the least irregular hepatic surface; (2) The most useful 2D-SWE in patients with focal lesion will detect lesions that are poorly visible on B-mode ultrasound and will differentiate true tumors from pseudo-tumors (e.g., irregular fatty change); and (3) Measurement of shear wave values in the area posterior to a focal lesion must be avoided.
Core tip: Two-dimensional shear wave elastography is the most widely used diagnostic tool for liver but has many ultrasound artifact-related problems. Our computer simulation model suggests the following ways to minimize them: (1) In patients with chronic hepatic disease, especially liver cirrhosis, measure shear wave values through the least irregular hepatic surface; (2) The most useful application in patients with focal lesions is detecting lesions poorly visible on B-mode ultrasound and differentiating true tumors from pseudo-tumors (e.g., irregular fatty change); and (3) Measurement of shear wave values in the area posterior to a focal lesion must be avoided.