|
1
|
Marsh LC, Apšvalka D, Kikuchi H, Abe N, Kawaguchi J, Kopelman MD, Anderson MC. Prefrontally mediated inhibition of memory systems in dissociative amnesia. Psychol Med 2025; 54:1-9. [PMID: 39773554 PMCID: PMC11779556 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724003040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying generalized forms of dissociative ('psychogenic') amnesia are poorly understood. One theory suggests that memory retrieval is inhibited via prefrontal control. Findings from cognitive neuroscience offer a candidate mechanism for this proposed retrieval inhibition. By applying predictions based on these experimental findings, we examined the putative role of retrieval suppression in dissociative amnesia. METHODS We analyzed fMRI data from two previously reported cases of dissociative amnesia. Patients had been shown reminders from forgotten and remembered time periods (colleagues and school friends). We examined the neuroanatomical overlap between regions engaged in the unrecognized compared to the recognized condition, and the regions engaged during retrieval suppression in laboratory-based tasks. Effective connectivity analyses were performed to test the hypothesized modulatory relationship between the right anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (raDLPFC) and the hippocampus. Both patients were scanned again following treatment, and analyses were repeated. RESULTS We observed substantial functional alignment between the inhibitory regions engaged during laboratory-based retrieval suppression tasks, and those engaged when patients failed to recognize their current colleagues. This included significant activation in the raDLPFC and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and a corresponding deactivation across autobiographical memory regions (hippocampus, medial PFC). Dynamic causal modeling confirmed the hypothesized modulatory relationship between the raDLPFC and the hippocampus. This pattern was no longer evident following memory recovery in the first patient, but persisted in the second patient who remained amnesic. CONCLUSIONS Findings are consistent with an inhibitory mechanism driving down activity across core memory regions to prevent the recognition of personally relevant stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Marsh
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dace Apšvalka
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nobuhito Abe
- Institute for the Future of Human Society, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Jun Kawaguchi
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michael D. Kopelman
- Department of Academic Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael C. Anderson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Kandeda AK, Foutse LY, Tongoue C, Djientcheu JP, Dimo T. Antiamnesic and Neurotrophic Effects of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br (Fabaceae) Aqueous Extract on In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Excitotoxicity. Behav Neurol 2025; 2025:8815830. [PMID: 39811796 PMCID: PMC11729515 DOI: 10.1155/bn/8815830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Amnesia is a memory disorder marked by the inability to recall or acquire information. Hence, drugs that also target the neurogenesis process constitute a hope to discover a cure against memory disorders. This study is aimed at evaluating the antiamnesic and neurotrophic effects of the aqueous extract of Parkia biglobosa (P. biglobosa) on in vivo and in vitro models of excitotoxicity. For the in vivo study, 42 adult male rats were divided into six groups of seven rats each and treated daily for 30 days as follows: normal control group (distilled water, 10 mL/kg, po), negative control group (distilled water, 10 mL/kg, po), positive control group (piracetam, 200 mg/kg, po), and 03 test groups (extract, 44, 88, and 176 mg/kg, po). Scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, ip) was administered once daily, 45 min after these treatments, for 14 days, except in the normal control group. The animals were then subjected to short-term memory (new object recognition and T-maze) and long-term memory (radial arm maze) tests for 15 following days. Animals were then euthanized, and biochemical analyses (neurotransmitters, oxidative status, and neuroinflammation) were performed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and serum. Histological analysis of these organs was also carried out. In the in vitro study, the effect of the extract (5, 10, 19, 40, 77, 153, 306, 615, 1225, and 2450 μg/mL) was assessed on the viability of primary cortical neurons exposed to L-glutamate (0.1 mg/mL). Scopolamine induced memory impairment and increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss. P. biglobosa extract (44 mg/kg) reduced (p < 0.001) short- and long-term memory deficit. It also increased (p < 0.01) the concentration of acetylcholine, reduced (p < 0.001) that of malondialdehyde, and limited (p < 0.001) neuroinflammation and neuronal loss (p < 0.001). In addition, the extract (2450 μg/mL) increased (p < 0.001) the percentage of viable cells. These results suggest that the extract has effects on amnesia and neurogenesis. These effects seem to be mediated by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory modulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Corneille Tongoue
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon
| | | | - Théophile Dimo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Lawlor M, Huynh B, Humphreys K, Ogunbowale L, Kopelman MD, Plant GT. Observational cohort study of 100 patients presenting with functional visual loss: clinical characteristics and comparison with other functional neurologic disorders. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 59:e727-e736. [PMID: 38580217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent research has helped to develop a more detailed understanding of many functional neurologic disorders. The aim of this study was to increase our knowledge of functional visual loss and to compare the findings with those of other functional syndromes. DESIGN Prospective and retrospective observational cohort study. METHODS This study took place at neuro-ophthalmology clinics at 3 major hospitals in London, United Kingdom, over a 12-month period. The study population consisted of 157 participants, 100 with functional visual loss, 21 pathologic control subjects with organic visual loss, and 36 healthy nonpathologic control subjects. All participants had their diagnosis confirmed with a full neuro-ophthalmic examination, neuroimaging, and visual electrophysiology. A full assessment of all participants' medical history was obtained from their general practitioner, and all participants completed a series of questionnaires assessing relevant associations. RESULTS Data were obtained on 157 participants, 100 with functional visual loss, 21 pathologic control subjects with organic visual loss, and 36 healthy nonpathologic control subjects. Participants with functional visual loss were typically female (74%) with a mean age at vision loss of 40.0 ± 16 years. Sixty-four percent of participants had bilateral vision loss; the remainder, unilateral loss. Twenty-six percent of the total cohort had organic visual loss with functional overlay. Fifty percent of participants with functional visual loss had a preexisting psychiatric diagnosis, the most common being a depressive disorder. Sixty-two percent of participants had an ocular history, and 87% had a previously diagnosed medical illness, most commonly neurologic (45%). Thirty-five percent of participants self-reported at least 1 additional functional symptom. CONCLUSIONS Our population of functional visual loss subjects shares many similarities with the majority of patients with other functional neurologic disorders. They are generally young and female and have a greater than expected rate of psychiatric, medical, and coexisting ocular conditions. We found increased rates of precipitating stressors, clinical depression, and organic eye problems in subjects with functional visual loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Lawlor
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brandon Huynh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Kate Humphreys
- Cleveland Clinic London Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neuropsychiatry and Memory Disorders, St. Thomas Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lola Ogunbowale
- Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Kopelman
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Terence Plant
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Boere R, Oudman E, Postma A, van den Berg E. Social norms in Korsakoff's syndrome and alcohol-related dementia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2024; 46:868-877. [PMID: 39550715 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2426826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social cognition is essential for individuals to perceive, process, and interpret social information that enables them to function effectively in society. Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) and alcohol-related dementia (ARD) are alcohol-related cognitive disorders that are likely to impair social cognition. This study aimed to investigate the ability to judge social norms in KS and ARD in comparison to healthy subjects. METHOD The study included 30 patients with KS, 10 patients with ARD, and 74 age-, sex-, and education-matched control participants. The Social Norms Questionnaire - Dutch version (SNQ-NL) was used to measure social cognition, and standardized tests were used to examine the association between social cognition and executive functioning. RESULTS Both KS and ARD patients performed worse in judging social norms when compared to healthy controls, but there was no significant difference between KS and ARD. Both KS and ARD patients performed worse on the SNQ-NL, judging appropriate behavior as inappropriate (Overadhere errors), than controls. When compared to control participants, patients with KS demonstrated significantly more Break Errors, while the differences between the ARD group and the control group did not reach statistical significance. There were no significant correlations between the SNQ-NL variables and performances on standardized tests for executive functioning in both the KS and control group. CONCLUSIONS This study aimed to investigate the ability to judge social norms in KS and ARD in comparison to healthy subjects. The results show that compared to a control group, both KS and ARD patients performed worse in judging social norms. KS and ARD patients scored equally low on social norms identification. Overall, these findings can further help us understand the difficulties in social behavior as experienced by patients and care staff, since problems in accurately judging social norms could possibly contribute to the severe behavioral issues as observed in alcohol-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Boere
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Slingedael Center of Expertise for Korsakoff Syndrome, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Oudman
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Slingedael Center of Expertise for Korsakoff Syndrome, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Postma
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Slingedael Center of Expertise for Korsakoff Syndrome, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther van den Berg
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Jelicic M. Dissociative Amnesia? It Might be Organic Memory Loss! Top Cogn Sci 2024; 16:770-776. [PMID: 36731123 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses the possibility of practitioners who mistake organic memory loss for dissociative amnesia. It starts with the case of a young man with complete retrograde amnesia due to a traumatic head injury. Because he did not show any gross neurological abnormalities, a neurologist thought his amnesia had a psychological origin. An extensive neuropsychological examination revealed that the man did have an organic reason for his amnesia. Next, the existence of dissociative memory loss as well as isolated organic retrograde amnesia is considered. While cases of organic memory loss are well-documented, there is hardly any evidence for dissociative amnesia. It is argued that organic memory loss might be mistakenly taken for dissociative amnesia. In line with the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, practitioners are advised to rule out the possibility of organic memory loss, before diagnosing a patient with dissociative amnesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Jelicic
- Forensic Psychology Section, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Yokoi Y, Kubo A, Nishimura K, Takamura Y, Morishita Y, Minami M, Nomura H. Chemogenetic activation of histamine neurons promotes retrieval of apparently lost memories. Mol Brain 2024; 17:38. [PMID: 38877480 PMCID: PMC11179205 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory retrieval can become difficult over time, but it is important to note that memories that appear to be forgotten might still be stored in the brain, as shown by their occasional spontaneous retrieval. Histamine in the central nervous system is a promising target for facilitating the recovery of memory retrieval. Our previous study demonstrated that histamine H3 receptor (H3R) inverse agonists/antagonists, activating histamine synthesis and release, enhance activity in the perirhinal cortex and help in retrieving forgotten long-term object recognition memories. However, it is unclear whether enhancing histaminergic activity alone is enough for the recovery of memory retrieval, considering that H3Rs are also located in other neuron types and affect the release of multiple neurotransmitters. In this study, we employed a chemogenetic method to determine whether specifically activating histamine neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus facilitates memory retrieval. In the novel object recognition test, control mice did not show a preference for objects based on memory 1 week after training, but chemogenetic activation of histamine neurons before testing improved memory retrieval. This selective activation did not affect the locomotor activity or anxiety-related behavior. Administering an H2R antagonist directly into the perirhinal cortex inhibited the recovery of memory retrieval induced by the activation of histamine neurons. Furthermore, we utilized the Barnes maze test to investigate whether chemogenetic activation of histamine neurons influences the retrieval of forgotten spatial memories. Control mice explored all the holes in the maze equally 1 week after training, whereas mice with chemogenetically activated histamine neurons spent more time around the target hole. These findings indicate that chemogenetic activation of histamine neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus can promote retrieval of seemingly forgotten object recognition and spatial memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Yokoi
- Endowed Department of Cognitive Function and Pathology, Institute of Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ayame Kubo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kyoka Nishimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuki Takamura
- Endowed Department of Cognitive Function and Pathology, Institute of Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Morishita
- Endowed Department of Cognitive Function and Pathology, Institute of Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masabumi Minami
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nomura
- Endowed Department of Cognitive Function and Pathology, Institute of Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Kozyrev SA, Solntseva SV, Storozheva ZI, Nikitin VP. Epigenetic Processes of DNA Methylation Are Selectively Involved in the Mechanisms of Retrograde and Anteograde Amnesia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:427-432. [PMID: 37768459 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The participation of DNA methylation processes in the mechanisms of anterograde and retrograde amnesia caused by impaired reconsolidation of conditioned food aversion memory by NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists or serotonin receptor antagonists, respectively, were studied on grape snails. Anterograde amnesia was characterized by impaired formation of long-term memory during repeated learning. Administration of a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor to amnestic animals resulted in accelerated formation of long-term memory during 1 day of repetitive training vs 3 days during initial training. In serotonin-dependent retrograde amnesia, repeated learning without DNMT inhibitor administration or after inhibitor injections led to the formation of long-term memory. The dynamics of memory formation was similar in both cases and did not differ from that during the initial training: the memory was formed within 3 days of training. Thus, epigenetic processes of DNA methylation are selectively involved in the mechanisms of anterograde amnesia, but do not participate in the mechanisms of retrograde amnesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Kozyrev
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Solntseva
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Z I Storozheva
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V P Nikitin
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Rubenzer SJ. Ruling out feigned crime-related amnesia? A response to Acklin (2022). BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2023; 41:207-223. [PMID: 37071040 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In a recent paper, Acklin discussed a case of possible amnesia for a murder in terms of neurobiology, psychoanalysis, and personality assessment. Acklin accepted the defendant's claim of amnesia for the crime as genuine. The considerable literature that takes a skeptical view of crime-related amnesia was not cited, and the possibility of feigning or malingering was "ruled out" with a single sentence that does not withstand scrutiny. A review of the literature on feigned amnesia suggests that it may not be possible to rule out malingering even if the best available tools are used: There has been minimal investigation of most validity tests and estimates of base rates of feigned amnesia for a crime vary widely and make estimates of Negative Predictor Power highly unreliable. Although one cannot know from the information presented if Acklin's defendant legitimately experienced amnesia, feigning could not be ruled out using an interview and the test data cited by Acklin. I call for a moratorium on publication of further articles on crime specific amnesia that do not conscientiously examine other potential explanations and do not use current best practices for assessing negative response bias.
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Rensen YCM, Oosterman JM, Eling PATM, Kessels RPC. "Cinderella was attacked by the big bad wolf, but the police saved her": intrusions and confabulations on story recall in Korsakoff's syndrome and alcohol-related cognitive impairments. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2023; 28:85-101. [PMID: 36472235 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2153658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between confabulations and intrusions in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) and patients with alcohol-related cognitive impairments (ARCI) remains under debate. This study examines (1) differences in the production of confabulations and intrusions between patients with KS and ARCI, (2) whether an altered fairy tale induces more intrusions, and (3) whether different types of intrusions were significantly related to confabulations. METHODS Twenty-three patients with KS and twenty-two patients with ARCI recalled three different types of stories: a novel story, a fairy tale, and a modified fairy tale. Different types of intrusions were correlated with confabulation measures. RESULTS Patients with KS produced more intrusions in the modified fairy tale condition than patients with ARCI, but these were unrelated to confabulations. Only unrelated intrusions were related to provoked confabulations. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that researchers and clinicians must be aware that in general, intrusions on memory tests should not be interpreted as confabulations. Especially spontaneous confabulations appear to be something completely different from intrusions on any type of story recall. When measuring confabulations it is crucial to use validated instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne C M Rensen
- Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Korsakoff Clinic, Venray, The Netherlands
| | - Joukje M Oosterman
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A T M Eling
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Korsakoff Clinic, Venray, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Tactus Addiction Care, Deventer, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Medical Psychology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Solntseva SV, Nikitin VP, Kozyrev SA, Nikitin PV. DNA methylation inhibition participates in the anterograde amnesia key mechanism through the suppression of the transcription of genes involved in memory formation in grape snails. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114118. [PMID: 36116736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of the amnesia mechanisms is of both theoretical and practical importance. The mechanisms of anterograde amnesia are the least studied, due to the lack of an experimental model that allows studying this amnesia type molecular and cellular mechanisms. Previously, we found that conditional food aversion memory reconsolidation impairment in snails by NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists led to the amnesia induction, in the late stages of which (>10 days) repeated training did not cause long-term memory formation. In the same animals, long-term memory aversion to a new food type was formed. We characterized this amnesia as specific anterograde amnesia. In the present work we studied the role of epigenetic DNA methylation processes as well as protein and mRNA synthesis in the mechanisms of anterograde amnesia and memory recovery. DNMT methyltransferase inhibitors (iDNMT: zebularine, RG108 (N-Phthalyl-1-tryptophan), and 5-AZA (5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine)) were used to alter DNA methylation. It was found that in amnesic animals the iDNMT administration before or after shortened repeated training led to the rapid long-term conditional food aversion formation (Ebbinghaus saving effect). This result suggests that amnestic animals retain a latent memory, which is the basis for accelerated memory formation during repeated training. Protein synthesis inhibitors administration (cycloheximide) before or immediately after repeated training or administration of RNA synthesis inhibitor (actinomycin D) after repeated training prevented memory formation under iDNMT action. The earlier protein synthesis inhibitor effect suggests that the proteins required for memory formation are translated from the pre-existing, translationally repressed mRNAs. Thus, we have shown for the first time that the anterograde amnesia key mechanism is DNMT-dependent suppression of the transcription of genes involved in memory mechanisms. Inhibition of DNMT during repeated training reversed these genes expression blockade, opening access to them by transcription factors synthesized during training from the pre-existing mRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Solntseva
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow 125315, Russia.
| | - V P Nikitin
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow 125315, Russia.
| | - S A Kozyrev
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow 125315, Russia.
| | - P V Nikitin
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow 125315, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Herrmann D, Oudman E, Postma A. The era of our lives: The memory of Korsakoff patients for the first Covid-19 pandemic lockdown in the Netherlands. Conscious Cogn 2023; 107:103454. [PMID: 36525743 PMCID: PMC9742220 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Memories for worldwide and emotional events (such as 9/11) are more vividly relived and recalled than memories for everyday events. Previous studies have shown that flashbulb memories of a single event enhanced the memory strength in severe amnesia. It is currently unknown whether macro-events that stretch out over longer periods of time (weeks, months) strengthen memory even further. Our aim was therefore to investigate to what extent patients with severe amnesia, due to Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), were able to relive the first Covid-19 lockdown in the Netherlands, and whether experienced emotions enhanced reliving of the participants. We included 22 KS patients and 24 age-, education-, and gender-matched healthy controls. Covid-19 related memories were assessed by measures of autobiographical memory specificity, phenomenological reliving, emotional intensity and semantic-and episodic knowledge about the first lockdown in March 2020 - May 2020 in the Netherlands. Although amnesia patients remembered significantly fewer autobiographical details regarding the Covid-19 lockdown than healthy controls, one fourth of the KS patients recalled specific events. Amnesia patients reported levels of emotional intensity equivalent to those in the control group. Stronger autobiographical reliving was associated with higher emotional intensity. Both amnesia patients and healthy controls had higher recall of episodic than semantic lockdown related information. In conclusion, results demonstrate that information for macro-events can still be memorized and relived, most specifically when emotional valence is high, even by highly amnestic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Slinge, 901, 3086 EZ Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
L'amnésie dissociative dans le Trouble de Stress Post-Traumatique: analyse de la validité scientifique d'un phénomène psychologique controversé. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2023.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
|
13
|
Biemond R, Oudman E, Postma A. The Use of an Errorless Learning Application to Support Re-Learning of (Instrumental) Activities for People Living with Korsakoff Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11236947. [PMID: 36498522 PMCID: PMC9739593 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Korsakoff syndrome (KS) is a severe neuropsychiatric syndrome derived from acute thiamine deficiency and concomitant alcohol use disorders. KS patients need lifelong assistance because of the severity of their cognitive problems. In clinical practice and research, errorless learning has proven to be an effective cognitive rehabilitation method for patients with KS. Our study focused on optimizing errorless learning by introducing new software technology to support the training process of errorless learning. Although the benefits of errorless learning for patients with Korsakoff's syndrome have been thoroughly investigated, it is currently unclear whether new technology could contribute to better learning and maintenance of everyday tasks. Therefore, an errorless learning application was built. This device is a web application and can be used on a tablet, laptop, or smartphone. The application allows clinicians and researchers to insert pictures, videoclips, timers, and audio fragments in the different steps of an errorless learning training plan. This way, the different steps are visible and easy to follow for patients. Moreover, it ensures as a learning method that the training is executed exactly the same way for each and every training. The aim of this study was twofold: to examine whether the use of the errorless learning application is effective, and whether it leads to better results than a regular errorless learning of everyday activities. In total, 13 patients with KS were trained in instrumental activities of daily living by means of the application, and 10 patients were trained with traditional instructions. Results showed an equal improvement for both training methods. Importantly, the technology group could better remember the training when probed at a later moment than the traditional errorless learning group. These results are promising for further development of novel technology to support errorless learning applications in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roeline Biemond
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Amsta, Cluster Korsakoff, 1052 LS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Erik Oudman
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Lelie Care Group, 3086 EZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Postma
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Lelie Care Group, 3086 EZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alwyn Lishman was interested in how memory research could be applied to clinical psychiatry. After a brief review of his major contributions, this paper will focus on his research on the alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome. It will consider how his findings relate to contemporary debates, particularly on how the syndrome should be defined, and its relationship to broader alcohol-induced cognitive impairments. METHODS A review of the contribution of Alwyn Lishman, Robin Jacobson and colleagues to our knowledge of Korsakoff's syndrome, together with a review of the pertinent recent literature. RESULTS Lishman and colleagues followed earlier authors in defining the Korsakoff syndrome in terms of disproportionate memory impairment, but they also noted a variable degree of IQ, frontal-executive, and timed visuo-spatial impairment in their cases. More recent authors have included such features in their definitions of the syndrome. Lishman also argued for a specific "alcoholic dementia". The present paper argues that recent definitions of the Korsakoff syndrome confound its core and associated features, and also fail to recognise the multifactorial basis of alcohol-related brain damage. CONCLUSIONS Korsakoff's syndrome is best defined in terms of disproportionate memory impairment, and more widespread cognitive impairment is best encompassed within "alcohol-related brain damage".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Kopelman
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Surrey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Oudman E, Rensen Y, Kessels RPC. Confabulations in post-acute and chronic alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome: a cross-sectional study conducted in two centres. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2022; 26:208-212. [PMID: 34057880 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2021.1906907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Confabulations refer to the emergence of memories of experiences and events that are incorrect in place and time, or never took place. In alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome, confabulations have been frequently reported, but seldomly been investigated. Traditional reports on confabulations state that confabulations in KS mainly occur in the post-acute phase of the illness. The aim of the study was to investigate whether confabulations extinguish in KS. METHODS An observational rating of confabulation behaviour (the NVCL-R) was completed for 172 KS patients with alcoholic KS. Post-acute and chronic KS patients were compared cross-sectionally in two centres. RESULTS Provoked and spontaneous confabulations were present in post-acute and chronic patients. Patients residing in a long-term care facility more often presented themselves with spontaneous confabulations than patients in a diagnostic centre. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the traditional view, confabulations may be present throughout the course of KS, and are possibly more frequently present in patients receiving care in specialised long-term care facilities than in patients who receive less intensive support.Key pointsConfabulations are a central characteristic of Korsakoff's syndromeIn contrast to popular belief, confabulations may be present in acute and chronic Korsakoff's syndromeThe severity of confabulations is related to an unfavourable disease outcome in KSA longitudinal approach would help the confirmation of finding no decline in confabulations over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Oudman
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Rensen
- Center of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Center of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Smits S, Oudman E, Altgassen M, Postma A. Smartwatch reminders are as effective as verbal reminders in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome: three case studies. Neurocase 2022; 28:48-62. [PMID: 35225145 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.2024237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is a neurocognitive disorder caused by severe malnutrition. KS patients typically show severe impairments in prospective memory (PM), thus, have difficulties with remembering to perform delayed intentions. The current study investigated the possible benefits of a smartwatch aid for PM tasks in patients with KS and compared its efficacy with verbal in-person reminders. Three patients participated in the present study and were asked to complete everyday PM tasks. The results of each patient were analyzed as a single-case study. The results highlight the great potential of using smartwatches as external memory aids in KS patients in everyday life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sterre Smits
- Utrecht University, Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Oudman
- Utrecht University, Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mareike Altgassen
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Albert Postma
- Utrecht University, Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
17
|
Exploring episodic and semantic contributions to past and future thinking performance in Korsakoff's syndrome. Mem Cognit 2022; 50:630-640. [PMID: 35084717 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-021-01262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by severe declarative memory disruption. While episodic memory deficits and confabulation are well documented, it remains unclear to what extent semantic memory is compromised in this syndrome. Moreover, how such impairments relate to the capacity for future-oriented thinking remains unknown. Here, we sought to determine the extent to which episodic and semantic forms of past and future thinking are impacted in KS and the interrelationship between different classes of memory in this syndrome. Twenty patients with KS and 17 matched healthy controls took part in this study. We included well-established indices of past and future thinking capacity, enabling us to compare episodic (event-based) versus semantic (nonpersonal knowledge) across past and future conditions. We also included a novel event generation task to probe implausible event simulation (i.e., spending a day on the moon). Our findings revealed marked impairments in KS across all forms of past and future thinking, as well as the generation of episodic details on the implausible event simulation task. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between implausible event construction and episodic and semantic future thinking in KS; however, no significant associations were found between future thinking performance and confabulation. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to reveal striking impairments in the capacity for past and future thinking across episodic and semantic domains in KS. Our findings resonate with current theoretical perspectives in which the lines between episodic and semantic memory systems are viewed as increasingly blurred.
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Novotný JS, Gonzalez‐Rivas JP, Medina‐Inojosa JR, Lopez‐Jimenez F, Geda YE, Stokin GB. Investigating cognition in midlife. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12234. [PMID: 35005209 PMCID: PMC8719351 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We here posit that measurements of midlife cognition can be instructive in understanding cognitive disorders. Even though molecular events signal possible onset of cognitive disorders decades prior to their clinical diagnoses, cognition and its possible early changes in midlife remain poorly understood. We characterize midlife cognition in a cognitively healthy population-based sample using the Cogstate Brief Battery and test for associations with cardiovascular, adiposity-related, lifestyle-associated, and psychosocial variables. Learning and working memory showed significant variability and vulnerability to psychosocial influences in midlife. Furthermore, midlife aging significantly and progressively increased prevalence of suboptimal cognitive performance. Our findings suggest that physiological changes in cognition, measured with simple tests suitable for use in everyday clinical setting, may signal already in midlife the first clinical manifestations of the presymptomatic biologically defined cognitive disorders. This pilot study calls for longitudinal studies investigating midlife cognition to identify clinical correlates of biologically defined cognitive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan S. Novotný
- Translational Aging and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research CentreSt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Juan P. Gonzalez‐Rivas
- Kardiovize Study, International Clinical Research CentreSt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Global Health and PopulationHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jose R. Medina‐Inojosa
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Francisco Lopez‐Jimenez
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Yonas E. Geda
- Division of Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders ProgramDepartment of NeurologyBarrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Gorazd B. Stokin
- Translational Aging and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research CentreSt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
- Translational Aging and Neuroscience ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Division of NeurologyUniversity Medical CentreLjubljanaSlovenia
| |
Collapse
|
|
19
|
Yoneoka Y, Seki Y, Akiyama K. "Vascular" Korsakoff Syndrome With Bilaterally Damaged Mammillothalamic Tracts: Insights Into the Pathogenesis of "Acute" Korsakoff Syndrome As Acute-Onset Irreversible Anterograde Amnesia. Cureus 2021; 13:e19472. [PMID: 34912613 PMCID: PMC8664363 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural pathogenesis of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome remains debatable. Wernicke encephalopathy is acute and often reversible whereas Korsakoff syndrome (KS) is chronic and may be irreversible. The cognitive deficits observed in KS are considered to be primarily due to damage to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus, mammillary bodies, and corpus callosum. We present an extremely rare case of non-alcoholic “vascular” KS (vKS) as acute-onset amnesia. A 97-year-old man living alone was brought to our hospital, complaining of sudden-onset behavioral changes with amnesia. Diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) showed fresh cerebral infarction in the right thalamus involving the right mammillothalamic tract (MTT). T2*-weighted images (T2*WIs), in addition, revealed a microbleed scar over the left MTT. This case supports the hypothesis that bilateral MTT dysfunction can lead to KS. Furthermore, in collaboration with a prior report about non-alcoholic “acute” KS due to cerebral infarction, this case supports the existence of vascular KS as an acute-onset amnestic syndrome, as well as insight into the pathogenesis of KS as an irreversible amnestic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Yoneoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uonuma Kikan Hospital, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami-Uonuma, JPN
| | - Yasuhiro Seki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uonuma Kikan Hospital, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami-Uonuma, JPN
| | - Katsuhiko Akiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uonuma Kikan Hospital, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami-Uonuma, JPN
| |
Collapse
|
|
20
|
Bagash H, Marwat A, Marwat A, Kraus B. A Case of Chronic Wernicke Encephalopathy (WE): An Underdiagnosed Phenomena. Cureus 2021; 13:e19100. [PMID: 34868752 PMCID: PMC8627220 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is the most common neurological complication of thiamine deficiency in patients who have a background of chronic alcohol use disorder. WE is characterized by acute onset of confusion, gait ataxia, and oculomotor dysfunction. Prompt treatment with parenteral thiamine leads to improvement. Untreated WE has mortality rates of up to 20% and many cases progress to the more chronic Korsakoff syndrome. Cases of untreated WE in which symptoms last beyond the acute phase and become chronic are rarely found in the literature. Here, we present a case of a 64-year-old female having a background of chronic alcohol use disorder presenting with symptoms of gait ataxia, recurrent falls, and decreased concentration. These symptoms had progressed over a period of nine months. The patient was seen by her family physician and several specialists undergoing many diagnostic studies with inconclusive results. Ultimately, with a high index of suspicion for thiamine deficiency, she was admitted for IV thiamine treatment. Upon follow-up in the clinic, the patient reported improvement in her balance and concentration further confirming the initial suspicion of WE with thiamine deficiency as the cause of her symptoms. This case corroborates the existence of WE as a chronic phenomenon in addition to the more commonly reported acute WE. Furthermore, this case highlights the importance of recognizing WE as a potential cause of chronic neurological symptoms in people with alcohol-related disorders and the role of IV thiamine in treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hina Bagash
- Internal Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, PAK
| | - Assad Marwat
- Internal Medicine, Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University, Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, PAK
| | - Asghar Marwat
- Internal Medicine, Prairie Ridge Health, Sun Prairie, USA.,Internal Medicine, Conemaugh Memorial Medical Center, Johnstown, USA
| | - Bruce Kraus
- Internal Medicine, Prairie Ridge Health, Columbus, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
21
|
Mangiulli I, Jelicic M, Patihis L, Otgaar H. Believing in dissociative amnesia relates to claiming it: a survey of people's experiences and beliefs about dissociative amnesia. Memory 2021; 29:1362-1374. [PMID: 34637695 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1987475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dissociative amnesia is one of the most controversial categories in the field of psychiatry and clinical psychology. Self-reports of dissociative amnesia in the general population, and beliefs about this topic, have so far not been subjected to empirical scrutiny. Here, we surveyed a sample from the general population (N = 1017), revealing that about a tenth (n = 102) claimed to have experienced dissociative amnesia. Some claims pertained to amnesia for traumatic autobiographical experiences (e.g., sexual assault), while other claims reflected memory loss for experiences that can be regarded as non-traumatic or non-stressful (e.g., dissociative amnesia for an anniversary). Importantly, many participants believed in the existence of dissociative amnesia, and those who claimed dissociative amnesia indicated even more belief in this phenomenon than the rest of the sample. Finally, many participants indicated to have at least once claimed to have feigned memory loss in their life, and that they experienced some form of forgetting when trying to retrieve events for which they lied upon. Overall, our findings suggest that claiming dissociative amnesia goes hand in hand with believing in dissociative amnesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mangiulli
- Faculty of Law, Leuven Institute of Criminology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Forensic Psychology Section, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marko Jelicic
- Forensic Psychology Section, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lawrence Patihis
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Henry Otgaar
- Faculty of Law, Leuven Institute of Criminology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Forensic Psychology Section, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
22
|
Bruijnen CJWH, Walvoort SJW, Dijkstra BAG, de Jong CAJ, Kessels RPC. The Course of Cognitive Performance during Inpatient Treatment in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder with No, Mild or Major Neurocognitive Disorders. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:89-100. [PMID: 33089302 PMCID: PMC7768622 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims In patients with a history of chronic alcohol abuse, neurocognitive disorders (NCD) are not uncommon. The current study aimed to explore the course of cognitive performance, as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and everyday cognitive functioning, as measured by the Patient Competency Rating Scale (PCRS), in a large group of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) admitted to the Center of Excellence for Korsakov and Alcohol-related Cognitive Impairments. Methods A multiple time-series design was used, in which the MoCA was administered at three time points of assessment, and the PCRS was completed by both the patient and a clinician at two time points, all during clinical treatment. Results A total of 524 patients were included, 71 of whom were diagnosed with AUD only, 284 with AUD and mild NCD (ARCI) and 169 with AUD, major NCD and fulfilling criteria for Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS). Conclusions Cognitive performance improved for all three groups during treatment, sustained abstinence and recovery from AUD. A low memory performance on the MoCA without improvement over time was predictive for KS, while improvement on this domain did not differentiate between AUD and ARCI. Changes in overall cognitive performance and orientation in patients with KS were positively related to changes in everyday cognitive functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J W H Bruijnen
- Center of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, 5800 Venray, The Netherlands.,Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Radboud University, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S J W Walvoort
- Center of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, 5800 Venray, The Netherlands.,Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Radboud University, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B A G Dijkstra
- Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Radboud University, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Novadic-Kentron, Addiction Care Center, 5260 Vught, The Netherlands
| | - C A J de Jong
- Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Radboud University, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R P C Kessels
- Center of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, 5800 Venray, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
23
|
Segura IA, McGhee J, Della Sala S, Cowan N, Pompéia S. A reappraisal of acute doses of benzodiazepines as a model of anterograde amnesia. Hum Psychopharmacol 2021; 36:e2774. [PMID: 33368617 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute administration of benzodiazepines is considered a pharmacological model of general organic anterograde amnesias (OAA). We sought to determine which type of amnesia these drugs best model by comparing the effects of diazepam with those reported in amnesiacs regarding working memory capacity (WMC), susceptibility to retroactive interference (RI), and accelerated forgetting. METHODS In this double-blind, parallel-group design study, 30 undergraduates were randomly allocated to acute oral treatments with 15 mg diazepam or placebo. WMC and story recall were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Story presentation was succeeded by 10 min of RI (spotting differences in pictures) or minimal RI (doing nothing in a darkened room). Delayed story recall was assessed under diazepam and 7 days later in a drug-free session to assess accelerated forgetting. RESULTS Recall of stories encoded under diazepam, whether reactivated or not, was severely impaired (anterograde amnesia). However, diazepam did not impair WMC, increase susceptibility to RI, or accelerate forgetting. CONCLUSIONS Diazepam's amnestic effects mirror those in patients with probable severe medial temporal damage, mostly restricted to initial consolidation and differ from other OAA (Korsakoff syndrome, frontal, transient epileptic, posttraumatic amnesia, and most progressive amnesias) in terms of WMC, susceptibility to RI and accelerated forgetting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isis Angélica Segura
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamie McGhee
- Department of Psychology, Human Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Della Sala
- Department of Psychology, Human Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nelson Cowan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sabine Pompéia
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
|
24
|
Marsh LC, Leach RM, Blane J, Daly K, Barrett NA, Slack A, Kopelman MD. Long-term cognitive and psychiatric outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome managed with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Respir Med 2021; 183:106419. [PMID: 33957436 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction is often reported in patients who have experienced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) therapy is increasingly used to manage ARDS patients in ICU, transforming survival rates. However, few studies have examined cognitive outcomes. METHODS We examined self-reported cognitive complaints, psychiatric outcomes and neuropsychological test performance in survivors of severe hypoxaemia managed with VV-ECMO, at 18-24 month follow-up, compared with a group of healthy controls. RESULTS Over 70% of ECMO-treated patients (N = 46) complained of difficulty in at least one aspect of cognition on self-report measures (study 1). However, a much lower frequency of cognitive impairment was found on formal neuropsychological testing (study 2). Mean neuropsychological test scores of the ECMO group (N = 24) did not significantly differ from healthy controls (N = 23) after controlling for depression. Less than 30% of ECMO-treated patients showed impairments in anterograde memory, and deficits on general IQ or executive function were seen in <17% of patients. However, we observed high levels of self-reported anxiety and depression in the ECMO-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive outcomes in ECMO-treated patients were generally good, with preserved neuropsychological function in the majority of patients, despite severe hypoxaemia and high rates of self-reported difficulties. However, we saw high levels of mental health symptoms in these patients, highlighting a need for psychological support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C Marsh
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, UK.
| | - R M Leach
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - J Blane
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, UK
| | - K Daly
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - N A Barrett
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - A Slack
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - M D Kopelman
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, UK
| |
Collapse
|
|
25
|
El Haj M, Lamy E, Janssen SMJ, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C. Amnesia in your pupils: decreased pupil size during autobiographical retrieval in a case of retrograde amnesia. Neurocase 2021; 27:155-159. [PMID: 33739239 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.1902539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate whether retrograde-amnesia can be indexed with pupil activity. We present the case of L, 19-year-old, without neurological or psychiatric disorders except for retrograde-amnesia. We invited L to retrieve retrograde and anterograde memories while his pupil size was monitering with eye-tracking glasses. Results demonstrated impaired retrograde retrieval but successful anterograde retrieval in L. He also attributed lower emotional value and visual imagery to his retrograde compared to his anterograde memories. Critically, smaller pupils were observed during retrograde than during anterograde retrieval. Our study provides the first evidence on the value of pupillometry as a potential physiological marker of amnesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Lamy
- Inserm CIC04, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Department of Neurology, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et Recherche, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Steve M J Janssen
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Claire Boutoleau-Bretonnière
- Inserm CIC04, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Department of Neurology, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et Recherche, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
|
26
|
Sehara Y, Ando Y, Minezumi T, Funayama N, Kawai K, Sawada M. [123I]Iomazenil SPECT Detects a Reversible Lesion of the Left Medial Temporal Lobe in a Case of Global Autobiographical Amnesia. Cogn Behav Neurol 2021; 34:70-75. [PMID: 33652471 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Global autobiographical amnesia is a rare disorder that is characterized by a sudden loss of autobiographical memories covering many years of an individual's life. Generally, routine neuroimaging studies such as CT and MRI yield negative findings in individuals with global autobiographical amnesia. However, in recent case reports, functional analyses such as SPECT and fMRI have revealed changes in activity in various areas of the brain when compared with controls. Studies using iomazenil (IMZ) SPECT with individuals with global autobiographical amnesia have not been reported. We report the case of a 62-year-old Japanese woman with global autobiographical amnesia who had disappeared for ∼4 weeks. [123I]-IMZ SPECT showed reduced IMZ uptake in her left medial temporal lobe and no significant reduction on N-isopropyl-[123I] p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) SPECT in the identical region. Because IMZ binds to the central benzodiazepine receptor, this dissociation between IMZ and IMP SPECT was thought to reflect the breakdown of inhibitory neurotransmission in the left medial temporal lobe. Moreover, when the woman recovered most of her memory 32 months after fugue onset, the IMZ SPECT-positive lesion had decreased in size. Because the woman had long suffered verbal abuse from her former husband's sister and brother, which can also cause global autobiographical amnesia, it is difficult to conclude whether the IMZ SPECT-positive lesion in the left medial temporal lobe was the cause or the result of her global autobiographical amnesia. Although only one case, these observations suggest that IMZ SPECT may be useful in uncovering the mechanisms underlying global autobiographical amnesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Sehara
- Department of Neurology, Haga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ando
- Department of Neurology, Haga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takumi Minezumi
- Department of Neurology, Haga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nozomi Funayama
- Section of Community Medicine, Haga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mikio Sawada
- Department of Neurology, Haga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
|
27
|
Commane C, Kopelman MD. Memory: what we think the psychiatrist should know in a forensic context. BJPSYCH ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1192/bja.2020.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThis article offers a selective review of memory and of issues relevant for a psychiatrist thinking about memory in a forensic context. It considers the development of our knowledge of memory, some of the ways in which memory can be erroneous and some evidence that this fallibility may sometimes be overstated. It concludes with a section on good practice in psychiatric assessment and in medico-legal work, looking at memory assessment, malingering/exaggeration and guidance for expert witnesses.
Collapse
|
|
28
|
Cubelli R, Beschin N, Della Sala S. Retrograde amnesia: A selective deficit of explicit autobiographical memory. Cortex 2020; 133:400-405. [PMID: 33246579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cubelli
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Beschin
- Neuropsychological Service, Rehabilitation Unit, ASST Valle Olona, Somma Lombardo Hospital, Italy
| | - Sergio Della Sala
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
|
29
|
Oudman E, van Stigt Thans S, Montoya ER, Postma A. Moral reasoning, moral decision-making, and empathy in Korsakoff's syndrome. J Neuropsychol 2020; 15:462-476. [PMID: 33245621 PMCID: PMC8518936 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder, caused by a vitamin B1 deficiency. Although it is known that patients with KS display diminished theory of mind functioning and frequently exhibit marked antisocial interactions little attention has so far focused on the integrity of moral decision-making abilities, moral reasoning, and empathy. In an experimental cross-sectional design, 20 patients diagnosed with KS, and twenty age-, education-, and gender-equivalent healthy participants performed tests assessing moral decision-making, moral reasoning maturity, empathy, and executive functioning. Participants were administered the Moral Behaviour Inventory (MBI) for everyday moral dilemmas, and ten cartoons of abstract moral dilemmas. Responses were scored according to the Kohlberg stages of moral reasoning. Empathy and executive functioning were assessed with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). In contrast to frontal traumatic brain injury patients, KS patients did not display a utilitarian bias, suggesting preserved moral decision-making abilities. Of interest, KS patients had significantly lower levels of moral reasoning maturity on everyday moral dilemmas, and abstract moral dilemmas. In patients, empathy was moderately related to the level of moral maturity on both tasks, while executive functioning was not. In conclusion, KS patients have preserved moral decision-making abilities, but their moral reasoning abilities are poorer in everyday and abstract situations. Lower moral reasoning abilities and lower levels of empathy together may be responsible for adverse social functioning in KS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Oudman
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sioux van Stigt Thans
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Estrella R Montoya
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Postma
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
30
|
Dutt M, Dharavath RN, Kaur T, Chopra K, Sharma S. Differential effects of alprazolam against methylphenidate-induced neurobehavioral alterations. Physiol Behav 2020; 222:112935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
|
31
|
Ten Klooster PM, Rensen YCM, Postma JF, Kessels RPC. Development and preliminary evaluation of the QUALIKO: an observational quality of life instrument for patients with Korsakoff's syndrome. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:244. [PMID: 32693813 PMCID: PMC7374826 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To develop a Korsakoff-specific measure of quality of life (QoL), to be rated by professional caregivers, and to field-test its psychometric properties in a sample of patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS) living in a specialized nursing home. Methods A research version of the QUALIKO was developed based on an existing instrument for dementia (the QUALIDEM), literature review and two rounds of surveys among expert professionals involved in the care for patients with KS. Next, QoL was independently rated using the preliminary QUALIKO for 77 patients with KS by two primary caregivers. Results The research QUALIKO consisted of 48 items describing observable behaviors across ten aspects of QoL relevant to patients with KS. Six items demonstrated poor scalability in the field test. The remaining 42 items all formed subscales with moderate to strong scalability according to Mokken scale analysis. Reliability was acceptable to good across both raters for all subscales (Mokken rho’s = 0.70–0.90), except for the two 2-item subscales of negative affect and positive self-image (Mokken rho’s = 0.47–0.71). Inter-observer agreement was excellent for five subscales (ICCs = 0.75–0.89) and fair to moderate for the other five subscales (ICCs = 0.59–0.72). The multidimensional internal structure was confirmed and all subscales were significantly correlated with primary caregivers’ global ratings of QoL except for positive self-image. Missing item values were low and floor and ceiling effects acceptable for most subscales. Conclusions The QUALIKO holds promise as a feasible, reliable, and valid measure of QoL in residential KS patients. Future research in larger samples is needed to confirm the psychometric dimensionality of the instrument, to gather normative data and to examine its test-retest reliability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Ten Klooster
- Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne C M Rensen
- Center of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
| | | | - Roy P C Kessels
- Center of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands. .,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500, HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
|
32
|
[Neuropsychological disorders of memory]. DER NERVENARZT 2020; 91:543-552. [PMID: 32504250 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-00934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an introduction to the neuropsychology of human memory. The terms short-term memory, working memory, episodic memory, semantic and procedural memory are defined and the anatomical correlates of these various memory systems are presented. Additionally, a brief introduction to the methods for neuropsychological research on human memory is given together with advice on the neuropsychological diagnostics and therapy.
Collapse
|
|
33
|
Lloyd B, Oudman E, Altgassen M, Walvoort SJW, Kessels RPC, Postma A. Episodic future thinking together with observational learning benefits prospective memory in high-functioning Korsakoff's syndrome patients. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 59:369-383. [PMID: 32420647 PMCID: PMC7496103 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS) have difficulty carrying out tasks which rely on prospective memory (PM). Since remembering to carry out an action in the future is crucial for living independently, it is of primary interest to develop strategies that improve PM performance in KS patients. Design The study employed a computer categorization task as an ongoing activity into which a PM task was embedded. We included episodic future thinking (EFT) and observational learning (Experiment 2) to boost PM. Methods Experiment 1 evaluated the efficacy of EFT following written PM task instructions in ten KS patients. Due to floor‐level PM performance in Experiment 1, Experiment 2 included an instructional video demonstrating the PM intention. In Experiment 2, twenty‐six KS patients performed both conditions (EFT and no‐EFT) at least 1 week apart, while twelve controls with alcohol use disorder without KS performed the no‐EFT condition. In Experiment 2, the PM instructions were also shown through video (observational learning component). Mild cognitive impairment was assessed in a short test battery. Results Experiment 1 showed overall floor performance in both conditions. Experiment 2 showed that KS patients performed PM tasks less accurately than the control group in the no‐EFT condition. In Experiment 2, where the observational learning component was included, EFT improved PM performance in KS patients. This effect was driven by a sub‐group of high‐functioning KS patients. Conclusions This study showed the value of an observational learning component together with EFT in improving PM performance, in relatively high‐functioning KS patients. Practitioner points
KS patients performed the PM task less accurately than non‐KS controls with alcohol use disorder, confirming PM impairment in this patient population. Controls with alcohol use disorder performed the PM task at ceiling level. Showing an instructional video demonstrating the PM intention improved PM performance and later recall of PM task instructions in KS patients. Episodic future thinking strategy improved PM performance in KS patients with relatively intact cognitive functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth Lloyd
- Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Oudman
- Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mareike Altgassen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Serge J W Walvoort
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Postma
- Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
34
|
Janzen G, van Roij CJM, Oosterman JM, Kessels RPC. Egocentric and Allocentric Spatial Memory in Korsakoff's Amnesia. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:121. [PMID: 32296321 PMCID: PMC7136515 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to investigate spatial memory in a group of patients with amnesia due to Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS). We used a virtual spatial memory task that allowed us to separate the use of egocentric and allocentric spatial reference frames to determine object locations. Research investigating the ability of patients with Korsakoff’s amnesia to use different reference frames is scarce and it remains unclear whether these patients are impaired in using ego- and allocentric reference frames to the same extent. Twenty Korsakoff patients and 24 matched controls watched an animation of a bird flying in one of three trees standing in a virtual environment. After the bird disappeared, the camera turned around, by which the trees were briefly out of sight and then turned back to the center of the environment. Participants were asked in which tree the bird was hiding. In half of the trials, a landmark was shown. Half of the trials required an immediate response whereas in the other half a delay of 10 s was present. Patients performed significantly worse than controls. For all participants trials with a landmark were easier than without a landmark and trials without a delay were easier than with a delay. While controls were above chance on all trials patients were at chance in allocentric trials without a landmark present and with a memory delay. Patients showed no difference in the ego- and the allocentric condition. Together the findings suggest that despite the amnesia, spatial memory and especially the use of ego- and allocentric reference frames in Korsakoff patients are spared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Janzen
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Claudette J M van Roij
- Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, Netherlands
| | - Joukje M Oosterman
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
35
|
Staniloiu A, Kordon A, Markowitsch HJ. Stress- and trauma-related blockade of episodic-autobiographical memory processing. Neuropsychologia 2020; 139:107364. [PMID: 32006541 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Memory disorders without a direct neural substrate still belong to the riddles in neuroscience. Although they were for a while dissociated from research and clinical arenas, risking becoming forgotten diseases, they sparked novel interests, paralleling the refinements in functional neuroimaging and neuropsychology. Although Endel Tulving has not fully embarked himself on exploring this field, he had published at least one article on functional amnesia (Schacter et al., 1982) and ignited a seminal article on amnesia with mixed etiology (Craver et al., 2014). Most importantly, the research of Endel Tulving has provided the researchers and clinicians in the field of dissociative or functional amnesia with the best framework for superiorly understanding these disorders through the lens of his evolving concept of episodic memory and five long term memory systems classification, which he developed and advanced. Herein we use the classification of long-term memory systems of Endel Tulving as well as his concepts and views on autonoetic consciousness, relationships between memory systems and relationship between episodic memory and emotion to describe six cases of dissociative amnesia that put a challenge for researchers and clinicians due to their atypicality. We then discuss their possible triggering and maintaining mechanisms, pointing to their clinical heterogeneity and multifaceted causally explanatory frameworks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Staniloiu
- University of Bielefeld, Germany; University of Bucharest, Romania; Oberberg Clinic Hornberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kordon
- Oberberg Clinic Hornberg, Germany; University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
36
|
Rensen YCM, Oudman E, Oosterman JM, Kessels RPC. Confabulations in Alcoholic Korsakoff's Syndrome: A Factor Analysis of the Nijmegen-Venray Confabulation List. Assessment 2020; 28:1545-1555. [PMID: 31928078 PMCID: PMC8392856 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119899476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Confabulations generally refer to the emergence of memories of experiences and events that, in reality, never took place, and which are unintentionally produced. They are frequently observed in alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome. The aim of the current study was to validate the Nijmegen-Venray Confabulation List (NVCL), an observation scale for quantifying both spontaneous and provoked confabulations. The NVCL was completed for 252 patients with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test three- and four-factor models of the NVCL structure. A four-factor model (provoked confabulations, spontaneous confabulations, severity of spontaneous confabulations, and distorted sense of reality) fitted the data better than the initially proposed three-factor model (provoked confabulations, spontaneous confabulations, memory, and orientation). The new instrument is therefore referred to as the NVCL-R. We encourage clinicians to include the assessment of confabulations in the neuropsychological examination, and to do so with validated instruments such as the NVCL-R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Oudman
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Roy P C Kessels
- Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, Netherlands.,Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
37
|
Nikitin V, Solntseva S, Kozyrev S, Nikitin P. Long-term memory consolidation or reconsolidation impairment induces amnesia with key characteristics that are similar to key learning characteristics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:542-558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
|
38
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this paper, I review three 'anomalies' or disorders in autobiographical memory: neurological retrograde amnesia (RA), spontaneous confabulation, and psychogenic amnesia. METHODS Existing theories are reviewed, their limitations considered, some of my own empirical findings briefly described, and possible interpretations proposed and interspersed with illustrative case-reports. RESULTS In RA, there may be an important retrieval component to the deficit, and factors at encoding may give rise to the relative preservation of early memories (and the reminiscence bump) which manifests as a temporal gradient. Spontaneous confabulation appears to be associated with a damaged 'filter' in orbitofrontal and ventromedial frontal regions. Consistent with this, an empirical study has shown that both the initial severity of confabulation and its subsequent decline are associated with changes in the executive function (especially in cognitive estimate errors) and inversely with the quantity of accurate autobiographical memories retrieved. Psychogenic amnesia can be 'global' or 'situation-specific'. The former is associated with a precipitating stress, depressed mood, and (often) a past history of a transient neurological amnesia. In these circumstances, frontal control mechanisms can inhibit retrieval of autobiographical memories, and even the sense of 'self' (identity), while compromised medial temporal function prevents subsequent retrieval of what occurred during a 'fugue'. An empirical investigation of psychogenic amnesia and some recent imaging studies have provided findings consistent with this view. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these various observations point to the importance of frontal 'control' systems (in interaction with medial temporal/hippocampal systems) in the retrieval and, more particularly, the disrupted retrieval of 'old' memories.
Collapse
|
|
39
|
Nikitin VP, Solntseva SV, Kozyrev SA, Nikitin PV. Proteins or RNA synthesis inhibitors suppressed induction of amnesia developing under impairment of memory reconsolidation by serotonin receptors antagonist. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104520. [PMID: 31400436 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that retrieval of long-term memory can cause memory reconsolidation, and impaired reconsolidation leads to amnesia development. However, the mechanisms of amnesia induction due to impaired memory reconsolidation remains poorly described. Using experiments involving grape snails trained to conditioned food aversion, we studied the role of translation and transcription processes and the role of serotonin receptors in the mechanisms of amnesia induction. We found that administration of a serotonin receptor antagonist or a protein synthesis inhibitor before the administration of a reminder using a conditioned food stimulus induced amnesia development, whereas injections of mRNA synthesis inhibitor did not affect memory safety. Moreover, combined injections of an antagonist of serotonin receptor and inhibitors of protein or mRNA synthesis before reminder administration completely prevented amnesia development. In addition, inhibitors of protein or mRNA synthesis prevented amnesia development 3 h but not 9 h after the administration of a serotonin receptor antagonist/reminder. We hypothesize that the mechanisms of amnesia induction caused by impaired memory reconsolidation depend on protein and mRNA syntheses within a certain time window, similar to the mechanisms of induction of other long-term plastic brain rearrangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Nikitin
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Baltiyskala Str. 8, 125315, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Svetlana V Solntseva
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Baltiyskala Str. 8, 125315, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A Kozyrev
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Baltiyskala Str. 8, 125315, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Nikitin
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Baltiyskala Str. 8, 125315, Moscow, Russian Federation; N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuropathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
|
40
|
Kasse E, Oudman E, Olivier M, Wijnia JW, Postma A. Subtle object location perception deficits in Korsakoff’s syndrome. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2019; 41:881-887. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2019.1640864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Kasse
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Oudman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Olivier
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W. Wijnia
- Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Postma
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
41
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by severe anterograde amnesia and executive deficits. Theory of Mind (ToM) is the capacity to represent others' mental states such as their knowledge, thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and intentions in order to explain and predict their behaviour. Surprisingly this topic has received hardly any attention in research on KS, although the severity of behavioural problems in KS suggest possible ToM difficulties. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess whether cognitive and affective ToM are impaired in patients with KS. METHODS We examined 21 KS patients and 21 age- and gender-matched healthy controls on three standardised tests that assess cognitive and affective ToM, including the subtests of the mini-Social Cognition and Emotional Assessment battery and a specialised version of the Sally-Anne Test. RESULTS KS patients showed largely impaired cognitive and affective ToM compared to healthy controls, as reflected in large effect sizes on both cognitive and affective ToM tests. Executive deficits explained problems in emotion recognition, but not other ToM aspects. CONCLUSION KS patients have large impairments in both cognitive and affective aspects of social cognition. Their ability to recognise emotions, take the perspective of others, and understand socially awkward situations is vastly compromised. The impairments in ToM functioning are to a large degree functionally discrepant from executive disorders that are commonly present in KS. This study therefore highlights the importance to properly index ToM functioning in neuropsychological assessments for individuals with a possible KS diagnosis.
Collapse
|
|
42
|
Haalboom R, van Aken L, Walvoort SJW, Egger JIM, Kessels RPC. Preserved intellectual functioning in Korsakoff’s syndrome? Actual and premorbid intelligence in patients with major or mild alcohol-related cognitive disorder. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2019.1619101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhody Haalboom
- Thalamus Centre for Outpatient Neuropsychiatry, Pro Persona, Wolfheze, The Netherlands
| | - Loes van Aken
- Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Serge J. W. Walvoort
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
| | - Jos I. M. Egger
- Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P. C. Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
43
|
Moerman-van den Brink WG, van Aken L, Verschuur EML, Walvoort SJW, Egger JIM, Kessels RPC. Executive Dysfunction in Patients With Korsakoff's Syndrome: A Theory-Driven Approach. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:23-29. [PMID: 30407502 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims In addition to amnesia, executive deficits are prominent in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), yet poorly studied. This study investigates the degree of executive dysfunction in patients with KS for the three main executive subcomponents shifting, updating and inhibition using novel, theory-driven paradigms. Short summary Compared to healthy controls, patients with KS show impairments on the executive subcomponents shifting and updating, but not on inhibition. Methods Executive functions were measured with six carefully designed tasks in 36 abstinent patients with KS (mean age 62.3; 28% woman) and compared with 30 healthy non-alcoholic controls (mean age 61.8; 40% woman). ANOVAs were conducted to examine group differences and effect sizes were calculated. Results Compared to healthy controls, patients with KS were impaired on the executive subcomponents shifting and updating. No statistically significant group difference was found on the factor inhibition. Conclusions Executive dysfunction in long-abstinent patients with alcoholic KS shows a profile in which shifting and updating ability are affected most. It also highlights that executive dysfunction is an important feature of KS and requires more attention in scientific and clinical practice, as these deficits may also affect daily functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W G Moerman-van den Brink
- Korsakoff Center Markenhof, Atlant, Beekbergen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L van Aken
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
| | - E M L Verschuur
- Faculty of Health and Social Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S J W Walvoort
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
| | - J I M Egger
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands.,Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands.,Stevig Specialized and Forensic Care for People with Intellectual Disabilities, Dichterbij, Postbus 9, Gennep, Oostrum, The Netherlands
| | - R P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbus, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
44
|
Oudman E, Krooshof E, van Oort R, Lloyd B, Wijnia JW, Postma A. Effects of Korsakoff Amnesia on performance and symptom validity testing. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2019; 27:549-557. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2019.1576180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Oudman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Lelie Care Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmy Krooshof
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Lelie Care Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roos van Oort
- Wettstein & Peterse Expertise (WPEX), Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Beth Lloyd
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Lelie Care Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W. Wijnia
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Lelie Care Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Postma
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Lelie Care Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
45
|
Lloyd B, Oudman E, Altgassen M, Postma A. Smartwatch aids time-based prospective memory in Korsakoff syndrome: a case study. Neurocase 2019; 25:21-25. [PMID: 30966873 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2019.1602145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to carry out an intention in the future. PM is particularly impaired in Korsakoff syndrome (KS). We investigated the benefit of a smartwatch and smartphone compared to no aid in supporting time accuracy and PM task performance in KS. Time accuracy was improved with a smartwatch compared to the other conditions. Furthermore, the smartwatch and phone conditions were more effective than no aid in assisting memory for task content. Together these results suggest that using an external memory aid is beneficial for successful PM in KS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth Lloyd
- a Helmhotz Institute, Experimental Psychology , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b Slingedael Korsakoff Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Erik Oudman
- a Helmhotz Institute, Experimental Psychology , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b Slingedael Korsakoff Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Mareike Altgassen
- c Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour , Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Albert Postma
- a Helmhotz Institute, Experimental Psychology , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b Slingedael Korsakoff Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
46
|
Abstract
The brain is the most complex organ of the body, and many pathological processes underlying various brain disorders are poorly understood. Limited accessibility hinders observation of such processes in the in vivo brain, and experimental freedom is often insufficient to enable informative manipulations. In vitro preparations (brain slices or cultures of dissociated neurons) offer much better accessibility and reduced complexity and have yielded valuable new insights into various brain disorders. Both types of preparations have their advantages and limitations with regard to lifespan, preservation of in vivo brain structure, composition of cell types, and the link to behavioral outcome is often unclear in in vitro models. While these limitations hamper general usage of in vitro preparations to study, e.g., brain development, in vitro preparations are very useful to study neuronal and synaptic functioning under pathologic conditions. This chapter addresses several brain disorders, focusing on neuronal and synaptic functioning, as well as network aspects. Recent progress in the fields of brain circulation disorders, excitability disorders, and memory disorders will be discussed, as well as limitations of current in vitro models.
Collapse
|
|
47
|
Heirene R, John B, Roderique-Davies G. Identification and Evaluation of Neuropsychological Tools Used in the Assessment of Alcohol-Related Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2618. [PMID: 30619013 PMCID: PMC6305333 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuropsychological assessment is central to identifying and determining the extent of Alcohol-Related Cognitive Impairment (ARCI). The present systematic review aimed to synthesize and discuss the evidence appraising the neuropsychological tests used to assess ARCI in order to support clinicians and researchers in selecting appropriate tests for use with this population. Methods: We searched for studies investigating the psychometric, diagnostic and practical values of tools used in the screening, diagnosis, and assessment of Korsakoff's Syndrome (KS), Alcohol-Related Dementia (ARD), and those with a specific diagnosis of Alcohol-Related Brain Damage (ARBD). The following databases were searched in March 2016 and again in August 2018: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Psych-INFO, ProQuest Psychology, and Science Direct. Study quality was assessed using a checklist designed by the authors to evaluate the specific factors contributing to robust and clearly reported studies in this area. A total of 43 studies were included following the screening of 3646 studies by title and abstract and 360 at full-text. Meta-analysis was not appropriate due to heterogeneity in the tests and ARCI samples investigated in the studies reviewed. Instead, review findings were narratively synthesized and divided according to five domains of assessment: cognitive screening, memory, executive function, intelligence and test batteries, and premorbid ability. Effect sizes (d) were calculated to supplement findings. Results: Overall, several measures demonstrated sensitivity to the cognitive deficits associated with chronic alcoholism and an ability to differentiate between gradations of impairment. However, findings relating to the other psychometric qualities of the tests, including those important for the accurate assessment and monitoring of ARCI (e.g., test-retest reliability), were entirely absent or limited. Additionally, the synthesis of neuropsychological outcomes presented here supports the recent impetus for a move away from discrete diagnoses (e.g., KS, ARD) and the distinctions between them toward more broad and inclusive diagnostic conceptualizations of ARCI, thereby recognizing the heterogeneity in presentation. Conclusions: Based on the evidence reviewed, provisional recommendations for appropriate tests in each domain of assessment are presented, though further validation of most tests is warranted. Review findings can support efficient and evidenced-based test-selection and guide future research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Heirene
- Addictions Research Group, University of South Wales, School of Psychology & Therapeutic Studies, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
48
|
Goebel S, Mehdorn HM. A missing piece? Neuropsychiatric functioning in untreated patients with tumors within the cerebellopontine angle. J Neurooncol 2018; 140:145-153. [PMID: 29982872 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, little is known about neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with tumors within the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). These, however, might be of clinical relevance. Aim of this study was thus to assess possible impairment in cognition, elevation in mood symptoms, and fatigue in this specific patient group. METHODS Forty-five patients with an untreated CPA tumor (27 vestibularis schwannoma, 18 meningioma) were tested within a cross-sectional observational study in a single institution prior to neurosurgical treatment. Patients were administered a multifaceted battery comprising of widely-used tests for assessment of neuropsychiatric functioning. RESULTS The majority of the included patients (69%) showed neurocognitive impairment, most frequently in the areas of attention and visuo-motor speed (e.g., alertness) (62%) as well as visuo-construction (44%). Impaired structural integrity of the brain stem was accompanied by more serious neurocognitive deficits. About one-third of the sample reported clinically relevant depression and/or anxiety and an even higher proportion (48%) described high levels of fatigue. Cognitive and affective symptoms as well as fatigue contributed significantly to patients' Quality of Life, indicating the clinical relevance of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with CPA tumors. CONCLUSIONS Although patients with untreated CPA tumors often suffer from devastating and prominent physical symptoms, neuropsychiatric problems are also frequent. Including these aspects in the routine clinical assessment and initiating treatment accordingly might thus improve clinical management of the patients and improve Quality of Life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Goebel
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Christian-Albrechts University, Olshausenstraße 62, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
49
|
Abdul-Muneer PM, Alikunju S, Schuetz H, Szlachetka AM, Ma X, Haorah J. Impairment of Thiamine Transport at the GUT-BBB-AXIS Contributes to Wernicke's Encephalopathy. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:5937-5950. [PMID: 29128903 PMCID: PMC9420083 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Wernicke's encephalopathy, a common neurological disease, is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. Neuropathy resulting from thiamine deficiency is a hallmark of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in chronic alcohol users. The underlying mechanisms of this deficiency and progression of neuropathy remain to be understood. To uncover the unknown mechanisms of thiamine deficiency in alcohol abuse, we used chronic alcohol consumption or thiamine deficiency diet ingestion in animal models. Observations from animal models were validated in primary human neuronal culture for neurodegenerative process. We employed radio-labeled bio-distribution of thiamine, qualitative and quantitative analyses of the various biomarkers and neurodegenerative process. In the present studies, we established that disruption of thiamine transport across the intestinal gut blood-brain barrier axis as the cause of thiamine deficiency in the brain for neurodegeneration. We found that reduction in thiamine transport across these interfaces was the cause of reduction in the synthesis of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), an active cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α (PDHE1α). Our findings revealed that decrease in the levels of PDHE1α cofactors switched on the activation of PD kinase (PDK) in the brain, thereby triggering the neuronal phosphorylation of PDHE1α (p-PDHE1α). Dysfunctional phosphorylated PDHE1α causes the reduction of mitochondrial aerobic respiration that led to neurodegeneration. We concluded that impairment of thiamine transport across the gut-BBB-axis that led to insufficient TPP synthesis was critical to Wernicke-neuropathy, which could be effectively prevented by stabilizing the thiamine transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P M Abdul-Muneer
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Bio Mechanics, Materials and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 111 Lock Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Saleena Alikunju
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Heather Schuetz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Adam M Szlachetka
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Xiaotang Ma
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Bio Mechanics, Materials and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 111 Lock Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - James Haorah
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Bio Mechanics, Materials and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 111 Lock Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
50
|
Russo MJ, Cohen G, Campos J, Martin ME, Clarens MF, Sabe L, Barcelo E, Allegri RF. Usefulness of Discriminability and Response Bias Indices for the Evaluation of Recognition Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 43:1-14. [PMID: 27889770 DOI: 10.1159/000452255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies examining episodic memory in Alzheimer disease (AD) have focused on patients' impaired ability to remember information. This approach provides only a partial picture of memory deficits since other factors involved are not considered. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the recognition memory performance by using a yes/no procedure to examine the effect of discriminability and response bias measures in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI), AD dementia, and normal-aging subjects. METHODS We included 43 controls and 45 a-MCI and 51 mild AD dementia patients. Based on the proportions of correct responses (hits) and false alarms from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), discriminability (d') and response bias (C) indices from signal detection theory (SDT) were calculated. RESULTS Results showed significant group differences for d' (F (2) = 83.26, p < 0.001), and C (F (2) = 6.05, p = 0.00). The best predictors of group membership were delayed recall and d' scores. The d' measure correctly classified subjects with 82.98% sensitivity and 91.11% specificity. CONCLUSIONS a-MCI and AD dementia subjects exhibit less discrimination accuracy and more liberal response bias than controls. Furthermore, combined indices of delayed recall and discriminability from the RAVLT are effective in defining early AD. SDT may help enhance diagnostic specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Julieta Russo
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|