Review
Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Cardiol. Aug 26, 2014; 6(8): 814-823
Published online Aug 26, 2014. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i8.814
Table 1 Different techniques of renal denervation
ApproachTechniqueDeviceStudyFollow-upOutcome
InvasiveRF ablationBalloon:
OneShotRenal hypertension ablation system trial[69]12 moAverage reduction in BP = 30.6 ± 22.0
VessixREDUCE-HTNOngoing
Non-balloon:
SimplicitySIMPLICITYI[35]24 mo32/14
SIMPLICITYII[62]6 mo32/12
SIMPLICITYIIIOngoing trial
SpiralRenal hypertension ablation system trial[69]12 moAverage reduction in BP = 30.6 ± 22.0
EnligHTNEnligHTN I trial[70]6 moReduction in BP-26/10
UltrasoundParadiseREALISE[71]3 moReduction in BP 22/12
TIVUSTIVUS IOngoing study
Non-invasiveUltrasoundVerve
ChemicalCisplatinSalman[72]Animal study
VincristineSilvaAnimal study
GuanethidineKoistinaho[73]Animal study
NeurotoxinApex nano nanomagnetic therapyAnimal studies
OtherBeta radiation cathNovoste[74]
Table 2 Different clinical trials on renal denervation
TrialMean followupReduction in SBP/DBPLocationTypePrimary outcomeSafety data
SIMPLICITY I 2009, (n = 50)[35]6 mo22/11Australia/EuropeCatheter-basedSubstantial and sustained BP reduction w/o serious adverse eventsOne case of Renal artery dissection
12 mo27/17Substantial and sustained BP reduction w/o serious adverse events
SIMPLICITY I F/u study 2011[42] (n = 153)24 mo32/14Australia/Europe/United StatesCatheter-basedSubstantial BP reductionGroin pseudoaneurysms
SIMPLICITY II 2010, (n = 106)[43]6 mo32/12Australia/Europe/United StatesCatheter-basedMeaningful reduction in BPHypertensive emergency in 3 cases
Mahfoud 2013, (n = 245)[48]3 mo19/13
(n = 236)6 mo17/12
(n = 90)12 mo16/10Australia/GermanyCatheter-basedRDN imporved BP relevantly in office and ambulatory scenariosNo adverse events reported
Witowski et al[49]6 mo34/13Poland/United StatesCatheter-basedImprovement in severity of sleep apnea, glucose tolerance and BPNo adverse events reported
Brandt et al[75] 2012 (n = 110)6 mo29/8Austria/GermanyCatheter-basedImproves BP, arterial stiffness and central hemodynamicsNo adverse events reported
Davies et al[76] 2012, (n = 7)6 mo7/0.6United Kingdom/United StatesCatheter-basedImprovement in symptoms and exercise capacityNo adverse events reported
Esler et al[62] 2012 (n = 106)24 mo32/12Australia/Europe/United StatesCatheter-basedSaftety and continues benefit with denervationHypotension after denervation
Hering et al[64] 2012 (n = 15)6 mo32/15Australia/Europe/United StatesCatheter-basedSafe and BP beneficial in resistant HTN and CKD stage 3-4No peri- or postprocedural complications reported
12 mo33/19Safe and BP beneficial in resistant HTN and CKD stage 3-4
Mahfoud et al[77], 20113 mo28/10GermanyCatheter-basedReduction in BP and glycemic controlNone reported
Lambert et al[78] 2012, (n = 40)3 mo16/6Australia/EuropeCatheter-basedQuality of life improved after denervation but not directly associated to BP reductionNone reported
Mahfound et al[77] 2011, (n = 37)1 mo28/10
3 mo32/12Australia/GermanyCatheter-basedImprovement in glucose levels and insulin sensitivity in addition to BP reductionNo significant adverse events reported
Ott et al[63] 2013, (n = 19)6 mo16/7Germany/United StatesCatheter-basedSignificantly improvement in peripheral and central BPNo changes in renal function and perfusion
Schlaich et al[61] 2013, (n = 9)3 mo18/4Germany/Australia/Poland/United StatesCatheter-basedRDN causes sustained lower BP in ESRDOne patient developed femoral pseudo-aneurysm
(n = 8)6 mo16/6
(n = 6)12 mo28/5
Steinberg et al[51] 2013, (n = 13)12 mo25/10United StatesCatheter-basedRDN patients displayed a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic pressure and maintainedNo Adverse events reported
Ukena et al[50] 2012, (n = 2)6 moNo InfoGermany/ United StatesCatheter-basedVentricular tachyarrhythmias significantly improved after RDNNo complications reported
Vaclavik et al[79] 2013, (n = 1)3 moNo effect in this unilateral procedureCzech RepublicCatheter-basedUnilateral Renal sympathetic denervation does not lower BPNo complications reported