Global left ventricular performance in non-diabetic non-hypertensive metabolic syndrome adults

Table 1 Clinical and biochemical characteristics of both case and control groups (mean ± SD)

Characteristics	Controls (n = 34)	Group A (n = 59)	Group B (n = 97)	P	P1	P2
Age (yr)	46.9 ± 7.4	44.4 ± 7.3	49.9 ± 8.3	NS	NS	NS
SBP (mmHg)	117.5 ± 6.1	134.4 ± 5.6	140.1 ± 8.1	NS	0.01	< 0.05
DBP (mmHg)	78.9 ± 6.4	85.3 ± 4.3	91.9 ± 7.9	NS	0.05	< 0.05
BMI (%)	22.2 ± 1.2	28.7 ± 3.6	31.8 ± 4.7	< 0.5	< 0.01	NS
W. Circum. (cm)	82.2 ± 4.6	98.1 ± 6.5	105.1 ± 7.1	< 0.05	< 0.05	NS
HDL (mg/dL)	45.7 ± 6.9	40.8 ± 6.5	43.2 ± 7.6	NS	NS	NS
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	138.9 ± 16.1	174.7 ± 23.3	181.9 ± 24.1	< 0.05	< 0.05	NS
FPG (mg/dL)	91.7 ± 10.6	98.6 ± 15.2	118.4 ± 43.6	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.05
HbA1c (%)	5.10 ± 0.41	6.20 ± 0.30	7.40 ± 1.10	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.05

Group A: Isolated metabolic syndrome patients; Group B: Metabolic syndrome patients; BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic BP; W. Circum: Waist circumference; HDL: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; NS: Non significant; P: Comparison between group A (isolated metabolic syndrome) and control; P¹: Comparison between group B (metabolic syndrome) and control; P²: Comparison between group A and B.

Table 2 Echocardiographic data in both case and control groups (mean±SD)

Characteristics	Controls (n = 34)	Group A (n = 59)	Group B (n = 97)	P	P1	P2
End SD (mm)	28.8 ± 1.5	29.1 ± 1.4	28.8 ± 1.4	NS	NS	NS
End DD (mm)	48.7 ± 4.6	50.6 ± 4.4	49.9 ± 4.5	NS	NS	NS
EF (%)	63.9 ± 7.9	63.5 ± 6.5	62.7 ± 7.4	NS	NS	NS
IVS thickness (mm)	8.6 ± 0.5	8.4 ± 0.6	9.2 ± 0.7	NS	< 0.05	NS
PW thickness (mm)	8.6 ± 0.7	8.6 ± 0.6	9.3 ± 0.9	NS	< 0.05	NS
RWT (%)	36.3 ± 3.6	37.9 ± 3.8	47.7 ± 5.8	NS	< 0.05	< 0.05
LVMI (g/m2)	88.2 ± 7.4	93.2 ± 4.1	120.8 ± 26.8	NS	< 0.05	< 0.01
E/A ratio	1.41 ± 0.19	1.26 ± 0.12	1.17 ± 0.08	NS	< 0.01	< 0.05
Tei index	0.36 ± 0.07	0.64 ± 0.17	0.87 ± 0.12	< 0.01	< 0.001	NS

End SD: End systolic diameter; End DD: End diastolic diameter; EF: Ejection fraction; IVS: Interventricular septum; PW: Posterior wall; RWT: Relative wall thickness; LVMI: Left ventricular mass index; E: E velocity; A: A velocity; P: Comparison between group A and control; P¹: Comparison between group B and control; P²: Comparison between group A and B.