Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Cardiol. Apr 26, 2023; 15(4): 154-164
Published online Apr 26, 2023. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i4.154
Table 1 Patients’ characteristics

Group O
Group Y
P value
No. (%)77 (82)17 (18)
Age (yr)72 ± 754 ± 5< 0.01
Body mass index23.7 ± 4.524.5 ± 5.30.50
Coronary risk factors (%)
Smoking (active/former/never)3/5/693/4/10< 0.01
Hypertension 58 (75)7 (41)< 0.01
Dyslipidemia 55 (77)10 (59)0.31
Diabetes mellitus12 (16)2 (12)0.68
Alcohol consumer (%)10 (13)5 (29)0.09
Family history of CAD (%)18 (23)5 (29)0.60
MtS (%)13 (17)4 (24)0.52
CKD (%)27 (35)1 (6)0.02
Table 2 Blood chemical parameters in the two groups

Group O
Group Y
P value
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)202 ± 33196 ± 370.53
Triglyceride (mg/dL)131 ± 73119 ± 460.54
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)63 ± 1762 ± 180.82
LDL-cholesterol (md/dL)113 ± 29111 ± 320.82
Fasting blood sugar (md/dL)100 ± 16101 ± 170.93
Hemoglobin A1C (%)6.0 ± 0.75.7 ± 0.60.10
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)0.05 (0.02, 0.13)0.07 (0.02, 0.15)0.81
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)68.8 ± 16.877.5 ± 13.20.05
BNP (pg/mL)22 (14, 54)15 (10, 29)0.09
Table 3 Echographic parameters in the two groups

Group O
Group Y
P value
UCG
LVEF (%)68 ± 966 ± 60.46
Brachial ultrasonography
All studied patients
No.7717
Heart rate (/min)66 ± 1067 ± 130.85
Mean blood pressure100 ± 1494 ± 140.16
Brachial blood flow
Baseline (mL/min)61 ± 4459 ± 520.87
% increase384 ± 490327 ± 2650.59
Brachial artery diameter (mm)
Baseline3.5 ± 0.53.5 ± 0.50.83
Hyperemia3.7 ± 0.53.6 ± 0.50.88
After NTG4.0 ± 0.54.2 ± 0.40.25
FMD (%)4.3 ± 3.24.5 ± 3.30.75
NID (%)13.6 ± 5.420.5 ± 8.6< 0.01
Patients who did not take any coronary vasodilators
No.3914
Brachial artery diameter (mm)
Baseline 3.5 ± 0.53.6 ± 0.40.68
Hyperemia3.6 ± 0.63.7 ± 0.40.60
After NTG4.0 ± 0.54.2 ± 0.40.21
FMD (%)4.1 ± 3.14.3 ± 3.50.82
NID (%)14.6 ± 5.718.5 ± 6.50.04
Table 4 Vasospastic angina-related parameters in the two groups

Group O
Group Y
P value
Chest symptoms
Rest/Exercise/Both60/9/914/1/20.78
Maximum duration of attack (min)20 ± 2716 ± 280.10
Diseased duration (M)5 (1, 48)12 (3, 42)0.78
No. of anginal attacks (/M)
At admission4 (1, 10)4 (1, 10)0.43
At follow-up0 (0, 1)2 (0.1, 2.8)< 0.01
No.6916
Medications
Taking statins at admission (%)36 (47)7 (46)0.68
Taking antiplatelet drugs at admission (%)20 (26)1 (6)0.07
Taking vasodilators at admission (%)38 (49)3 (18)0.02
No. coronary vasodilators
At admission0 (0,1)0 (0, 0)0.01
0.6 ± 0.70.2 ± 0.40.01
At discharge1 (1, 1)1 (1, 1)0.01
1.2 ± 0.50.9 ± 0.30.02
At follow-up1 (1, 2)1.5 (1, 2)0.52
1.5 ± 0.91.6 ± 0.90.53
Table 5 Coronary angiography spasm provocation test parameters in the two groups

Group O
Group Y
P value
CAG
Atherosclerotic change (%)47 (61)0 (0)< 0.01
Myocardial bridging (%)13 (17)3 (18)0.94
SPT
Focal/diffuse/focal and diffuse16/48/330/15/20.08
Presence of focal spasm (%)29 (38)2 (12)0.04
Multi-vessels spasm (%, No.)39 (57, 68)8 (67, 12)0.56
Vessels of spasm
RCA (%, No.)44 (62, 71)10 (67, 15)0.72
LAD (%, No.)70 (96, 73)13 (93, 14)0.62
LCX (%, No.)5 (7, 72)5 (38, 13)< 0.01
An unavoidable use of NTG (%)14 (18)8 (47)0.01
ST deviation during SPT (%)10 (13)5 (29)0.09