Teragawa H, Oshita C, Uchimura Y. Vasospastic angina in women: Clinical backgrounds and prognoses of patients younger than and older than 60 years. World J Cardiol 2023; 15(4): 154-164 [PMID: 37124972 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i4.154]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Hiroki Teragawa, FACC, FACP, FAHA, FESC, MD, PhD, Chief Physician, Doctor, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, 3-1-36 Futabanosato, Higashi-ku, Hiroshima 732-0057, Japan. hiroki-teragawa@jrhh.or.jp
Research Domain of This Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Article-Type of This Article
Retrospective Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
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World J Cardiol. Apr 26, 2023; 15(4): 154-164 Published online Apr 26, 2023. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i4.154
Table 1 Patients’ characteristics
Group O
Group Y
P value
No. (%)
77 (82)
17 (18)
Age (yr)
72 ± 7
54 ± 5
< 0.01
Body mass index
23.7 ± 4.5
24.5 ± 5.3
0.50
Coronary risk factors (%)
Smoking (active/former/never)
3/5/69
3/4/10
< 0.01
Hypertension
58 (75)
7 (41)
< 0.01
Dyslipidemia
55 (77)
10 (59)
0.31
Diabetes mellitus
12 (16)
2 (12)
0.68
Alcohol consumer (%)
10 (13)
5 (29)
0.09
Family history of CAD (%)
18 (23)
5 (29)
0.60
MtS (%)
13 (17)
4 (24)
0.52
CKD (%)
27 (35)
1 (6)
0.02
Table 2 Blood chemical parameters in the two groups
Group O
Group Y
P value
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
202 ± 33
196 ± 37
0.53
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
131 ± 73
119 ± 46
0.54
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)
63 ± 17
62 ± 18
0.82
LDL-cholesterol (md/dL)
113 ± 29
111 ± 32
0.82
Fasting blood sugar (md/dL)
100 ± 16
101 ± 17
0.93
Hemoglobin A1C (%)
6.0 ± 0.7
5.7 ± 0.6
0.10
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)
0.05 (0.02, 0.13)
0.07 (0.02, 0.15)
0.81
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
68.8 ± 16.8
77.5 ± 13.2
0.05
BNP (pg/mL)
22 (14, 54)
15 (10, 29)
0.09
Table 3 Echographic parameters in the two groups
Group O
Group Y
P value
UCG
LVEF (%)
68 ± 9
66 ± 6
0.46
Brachial ultrasonography
All studied patients
No.
77
17
Heart rate (/min)
66 ± 10
67 ± 13
0.85
Mean blood pressure
100 ± 14
94 ± 14
0.16
Brachial blood flow
Baseline (mL/min)
61 ± 44
59 ± 52
0.87
% increase
384 ± 490
327 ± 265
0.59
Brachial artery diameter (mm)
Baseline
3.5 ± 0.5
3.5 ± 0.5
0.83
Hyperemia
3.7 ± 0.5
3.6 ± 0.5
0.88
After NTG
4.0 ± 0.5
4.2 ± 0.4
0.25
FMD (%)
4.3 ± 3.2
4.5 ± 3.3
0.75
NID (%)
13.6 ± 5.4
20.5 ± 8.6
< 0.01
Patients who did not take any coronary vasodilators
No.
39
14
Brachial artery diameter (mm)
Baseline
3.5 ± 0.5
3.6 ± 0.4
0.68
Hyperemia
3.6 ± 0.6
3.7 ± 0.4
0.60
After NTG
4.0 ± 0.5
4.2 ± 0.4
0.21
FMD (%)
4.1 ± 3.1
4.3 ± 3.5
0.82
NID (%)
14.6 ± 5.7
18.5 ± 6.5
0.04
Table 4 Vasospastic angina-related parameters in the two groups
Group O
Group Y
P value
Chest symptoms
Rest/Exercise/Both
60/9/9
14/1/2
0.78
Maximum duration of attack (min)
20 ± 27
16 ± 28
0.10
Diseased duration (M)
5 (1, 48)
12 (3, 42)
0.78
No. of anginal attacks (/M)
At admission
4 (1, 10)
4 (1, 10)
0.43
At follow-up
0 (0, 1)
2 (0.1, 2.8)
< 0.01
No.
69
16
Medications
Taking statins at admission (%)
36 (47)
7 (46)
0.68
Taking antiplatelet drugs at admission (%)
20 (26)
1 (6)
0.07
Taking vasodilators at admission (%)
38 (49)
3 (18)
0.02
No. coronary vasodilators
At admission
0 (0,1)
0 (0, 0)
0.01
0.6 ± 0.7
0.2 ± 0.4
0.01
At discharge
1 (1, 1)
1 (1, 1)
0.01
1.2 ± 0.5
0.9 ± 0.3
0.02
At follow-up
1 (1, 2)
1.5 (1, 2)
0.52
1.5 ± 0.9
1.6 ± 0.9
0.53
Table 5 Coronary angiography spasm provocation test parameters in the two groups
Group O
Group Y
P value
CAG
Atherosclerotic change (%)
47 (61)
0 (0)
< 0.01
Myocardial bridging (%)
13 (17)
3 (18)
0.94
SPT
Focal/diffuse/focal and diffuse
16/48/33
0/15/2
0.08
Presence of focal spasm (%)
29 (38)
2 (12)
0.04
Multi-vessels spasm (%, No.)
39 (57, 68)
8 (67, 12)
0.56
Vessels of spasm
RCA (%, No.)
44 (62, 71)
10 (67, 15)
0.72
LAD (%, No.)
70 (96, 73)
13 (93, 14)
0.62
LCX (%, No.)
5 (7, 72)
5 (38, 13)
< 0.01
An unavoidable use of NTG (%)
14 (18)
8 (47)
0.01
ST deviation during SPT (%)
10 (13)
5 (29)
0.09
Citation: Teragawa H, Oshita C, Uchimura Y. Vasospastic angina in women: Clinical backgrounds and prognoses of patients younger than and older than 60 years. World J Cardiol 2023; 15(4): 154-164