Efficacy and prognostic impact of Pericarpium Trichosanthis injection combined with nicorandil for intractable angina pectoris in elderly patients: A retrospective study

Table 1 General data for patients (mean ± SD), n (%)

	Overall (n = 130)	Study group (n = 72)	Control group (n = 58)	P value
Age (yr)	73 ± 10	72 ± 11	74 ± 6	0.42
Males	78 (60)	40 (56)	38 (66)	0.09
Heart rate (bpm)	72 ± 16	71 ± 16	72 ± 17	0.01a
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	114 ± 21	114 ± 20	119 ± 22	0.27
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	73 ± 16	71 ± 9	76 ± 7	0.14
LVEF (%)	77 ± 15	77 ± 10	75 ± 11	0.47
Creatinine (mmol/L)	100 ± 52	92 ± 44	99 ± 40	0.21
Arterial high pressure	10 (8)	6 (8)	4 (7)	0.62
Diabetes mellitus	22 (17)	13 (18)	9 (16)	0.76
Dyslipidemia	44 (34)	25 (35)	19(33)	0.22
Current smoking	50 (38)	24 (33)	26(45)	0.62
Antithrombotics
Aspirin	84(65)	50(69)	34 (59)	0.11
Clopidogrel	46 (35)	26 (36)	20 (34)	0.50
Direct oral anticoagulant	6 (5)	4(6)	2(3)	0.42

^aP < 0.05, statistically significant.

LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction.

Table 2 Comparison of cardiac function before and after treatment in both groups (mean ± SD)

Group	LVEF, %		CO, L/min		BNP, ng/L		CRP, mg/L
	Control group	Study group	Control group	Study group	Control group	Study group	Control group	Study group
Pretherapy	43.3 ± 2.2	47.3 ± 2.2	4.8 ± 0.0	5.2 ± 0.3	724.5 ± 42.5	405.7 ± 57.4	17.4 ± 3.4	11.2 ± 1.2
Post-treatment	44.7 ± 4.1	54.5 ± 4.6	4.9 ± 0.2	5.6 ± 0.4	711.5 ± 33.4	282.6 ± 44.3	17.6 ± 3.2	8.4 ± 1.2
t	0.6	14.2	0.2	0.8	31.7	296.5	4.7	5.1
P value	0.25	0.01a	0.38	0.04a	0.03a	0.00a	0.60	0.03a

^aP < 0.05, statistically significant.

LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; CO: Cardiac output; BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide; CRP: C-reactive protein.

Table 3 Comparison of cardiac function before and after treatment between both groups (mean ± SD)

Group	CCS angina grade (score)		SAQ grade (score)		6WMT (m)
	Control group	Study group	Control group	Study group	Control group	Study group
Pretherapy	1.6 ± 0.5	1.0 ± 0.5	66.4 ± 12.5	60.9 ± 16.0	352.4 ± 100.2	414.2 ± 84.1
Post-treatment	1.3 ± 0.7	1.8 ± 0.5	68.3 ± 10.7	63.3 ± 16.3	385.0 ± 110.1	371.2 ± 85.2
t	2.8	13.2	28.5	33.6	28.7	225.1
P value	0.76	0.02a	0.36	0.53	0.85	0.01a

^aP < 0.05, statistically significant.

CCS: Canadian Cardiovascular Society; SAQ: Self-acceptance questionnaire; 6MWT: 6-min walking test.

Table 4 Comparison of blood lipid levels before and after treatment (mean ± SD)

Group	LDL (mmol/L)		HDL (mmol/L)		TC (mmol/L)		TG (mmol/L)
	Control group	Study group	Control group	Study group	Control group	Study group	Control group	Study group
Pretherapy	3.6 ± 1.4	1.6 ± 3.1	1.3 ± 0.0	1.2 ± 0.3	9.0 ± 3.8	7.3 ± 1.4	6.2 ± 1.6	4.6 ± 0.6
Post-treatment	3.0 ± 2.1	1.4 ± 3.7	1.2 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.4	8.7 ± 2.2	5.2 ± 0.9	6.5 ± 1.4	3.2 ± 0.9
t	0.6	4.2	0.2	1.1	1.7	3.5	4.7	3.1
P value	0.26	0.54	0.18	0.11	0.32	0.01a	0.60	0.03a

^aP < 0.05, statistically significant.

LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride.

Table 5 Logistic regression analysis of therapeutic effects of Pericarpium Trichosanthis injection combined with nicorandil

Variable	SE	Wald χ2	P value	OR (95%CI)
LDL	1.12	1.26	0.03	0.30 (0.08-0.49)
HDL	0.58	0.90	0.47	1.21 (1.02-1.87)
TG	1.87	3.60	0.05	0.57 (0.24-0.75)
TC	1.79	0.33	0.04	0.65 (0.43-0.69)
LVEF	0.05	0.70	0.01	1.16 (1.00-1.27)
CO	0.08	0.65	0.01	1.83 (1.02-2-36)
BNP	2.75	5.60	0.03	0.44 (0.10-0.64)
CRP	0.85	3.15	0.54	0.76 (0.23-0.95)

LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; CO: Cardiac output; BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide; CRP: C-reactive protein; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.