National trend of heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of hospitalizations due to heart failure in people living with human immunodeficiency virus from 2008 to 2018

	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	Ptrend
n (sample)	869	954	1021	910	825	868	928	979	1074	1248	1340	< 0.001
n (weighted)	4212	4878	5225	4362	4125	4340	4640	4895	5370	6240	6700	< 0.001
Sex (%)
Male	65.5	67.1	68.5	64.8	69.0	68.4	65.7	67.4	68.0	67.2	69.6	< 0.001
Female	34.5	32.9	31.5	35.2	31.0	31.6	34.3	32.6	32.0	32.8	30.4	< 0.001
Age (%)
< 50	41.8	38.8	41.2	36.7	29.7	27.2	29.1	27.4	28.1	25.0	24.9	< 0.001
50-59	35.2	38.5	36.2	41.3	41.1	42.5	42.0	39.6	37.9	37.3	35.1	< 0.001
60-69	16.7	16.7	16.5	16.5	20.8	22.8	22.2	24.8	26.9	28.8	29.0	< 0.001
≥ 70	6.3	6.0	6.1	5.5	8.4	7.5	6.7	8.2	7.1	8.9	10.0	< 0.001
Race (%)
White	11.8	12.0	12.8	13.6	16.9	15.5	18.1	16.9	17.3	17.6	15.9	< 0.001
Black	74.6	74.5	76.2	76.4	71.7	72.1	70.2	73.8	71.5	69.2	71.5	0.002
Hispanic	10.9	8.9	8.3	6.2	6.6	7.9	8.5	5.6	7.7	8.8	9.5	0.203
Asian	0.6	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.3	0.7	1.1	0.7	< 0.001
AI/AN	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.3	< 0.001
Other	2.0	4.5	2.3	3.5	4.2	3.6	2.8	3.2	2.7	3.2	2.1	< 0.001
Comorbidities (%)
Hypertension	65.9	67.9	64.7	67.5	81.8	80.1	68.4	69.7	86.6	73.4	91.2	< 0.001
Diabetes mellitus	33.4	33.2	31.3	32.5	34.4	35.1	37.8	37.4	38.0	37.9	36.7	< 0.001
CKD	53.1	50.4	50.4	49.2	53.9	56.9	54.5	58.1	60.6	62.6	61.0	< 0.001
Obesity	7.3	7.9	11.8	11.3	10.1	12.4	14.4	18.8	16.3	16.3	17.1	< 0.001
COPD	31.2	32.7	33.0	38.1	43.8	47.1	39.4	42.2	41.4	42.6	43.4	< 0.001
Charlson comorbidity index
Mean (SD)	NR	NR	6.18 (0.10)	6.17 (0.11)	6.11 (0.12)	6.28 (0.11)	6.27 (0.11)	5.37 (0.11)	6.86 (0.10)	7.19 (0.09)	6.99 (0.09)	< 0.001
Hospital characteristics
Hospital region (%)
Northwest	25.4	35.3	35.9	30.9	32.1	31.8	28.0	274	24.8	25.8	26.3	< 0.001
Midwest	11.5	11.1	13.1	11.4	11.6	9.7	13.6	11.7	10.4	9.3	11.6	< 0.001
South	58.6	48.9	44.7	52.5	46.1	49.8	50.7	54.4	54.5	54.3	53.7	< 0.001
West	4.5	4.7	6.4	5.2	10.2	8.8	7.7	6.4	10.3	10.7	8.4	< 0.001
Hospital bed size (%)
Small	8.1	9.5	9.6	6.0	11.5	10.3	16.8	13.3	14.4	17.0	17.8	< 0.001
Medium	21.7	25.0	24.6	23.5	30.3	28.8	26.4	30.6	29.9	27.0	27.6	< 0.001
Large	70.2	65.5	65.8	70.5	58.2	60.9	56.8	56.1	55.7	56.0	54.6	< 0.001
Urban location (%)
Rural	5.5	3.8	2.9	3.4	2.9	3.6	2.6	3.4	3.1	3.8	4.0	< 0.001
Urban nonteaching	28.0	28.7	29.2	33.3	26.4	24.3	16.9	18.0	18.0	13.9	14.1	< 0.001
Urban teaching	66.5	67.5	68.0	63.3	70.7	72.1	80.5	78.6	78.9	82.2	81.9	< 0.001

AI/AN: American Indian/Alaska Native; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; NR: Not reported; SD: Standard deviation.