Park DY, An S, Romero ME, Murthi M, Atluri R. National trend of heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus. World J Cardiol 2022; 14(7): 427-437 [PMID: 36161061 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i7.427]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Dae Yong Park, MD, Doctor, Department of Medicine, Cook County Health, 1969 W Ogden Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, United States. daeyongp@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Article-Type of This Article
Observational Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Cardiol. Jul 26, 2022; 14(7): 427-437 Published online Jul 26, 2022. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i7.427
National trend of heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus
Dae Yong Park, Seokyung An, Maria Emilia Romero, Mukunthan Murthi, Ramtej Atluri
Dae Yong Park, Department of Medicine, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
Seokyung An, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, South Korea
Maria Emilia Romero, Mukunthan Murthi, Ramtej Atluri, Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
Author contributions: Park DY and An SK designed the research; Park DY and An SK performed the research; Park DY and An SK contributed analytic tools; Park DY and An SK analyzed the data; Park DY, An SK, Romero ME, Murthi M, and Atluri R wrote the paper, validated the results, and reviewed and edited the drafts.
Institutional review board statement: This study was exempt from institutional review board as it solely used deidentified data openly and readily available in a public database.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest relevant to this study.
Data sharing statement: All data used in this study are openly available in the public website of Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) at https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/nisoverview.jsp.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Dae Yong Park, MD, Doctor, Department of Medicine, Cook County Health, 1969 W Ogden Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, United States. daeyongp@gmail.com
Received: April 7, 2022 Peer-review started: April 7, 2022 First decision: May 12, 2022 Revised: May 13, 2022 Accepted: June 17, 2022 Article in press: June 17, 2022 Published online: July 26, 2022 Processing time: 103 Days and 21.1 Hours
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background
Recent studies have reported a strong association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and cardiovascular diseases. However, studies examining the trend of cardiovascular diseases in people living with HIV on a national level have been lacking.
Research motivation
The trends of cardiovascular diseases in people living with HIV have not been sufficiently examined using nationally representative database.
Research objectives
To demonstrate that the burden of cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV has been increasing in the recent decade, emphasizing the need for continual efforts to address the excess cardiovascular risks in this vulnerable population.
Research methods
We retrospectively examined the National Inpatient Sample from 2008 to 2018 to analyze the trends in the hospitalizations for various cardiovascular diseases in people living with HIV. In addition, we looked at the trends of in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, and total hospital charge. Cochran-Armitage test and simple linear regression were used to examine the trends of categorical and continuous variables, respectively.
Research results
Hospitalizations for heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease in people living with HIV showed an increasing trend, while the total number of hospitalizations in people with living HIV showed a decreasing trend from 2008 to 2018. The trend of in-hospital mortality and length of stay were variable in contrast to total hospital charge, which demonstrated a substantially increasing trend over the decade.
Research conclusions
Nationally representative data showed that the burden of cardiovascular diseases in people living with HIV has been significantly.
Research perspectives
Further studies and preventative measures are needed to mitigate the additional cardiovascular burden in people living with HIV.
