Preventive fraction of physical fitness on risk factors in cardiac patients: Retrospective epidemiological study

Table 1 Characteristics of the included subjects (n = 249) in this studies n%

Variables	mean ± SD
Gender (males/females)	205/44
Age, yr	61.8 ± 11.4
Weight, kg	78.7 ± 15.7
Height, cm	169.9 ± 8.5
Body Mass Index, kg.m-2	27.2 ± 4.6
Pmax during exercise stress test, W	108.6 ± 35.7
Pmax predicted, W	167.5 ± 48.2
V·O2 peak during exercise stress test, mL/kg·min	22.1 ± 4.8
V·O2 peak predicted	25.2 ± 5.1
METs peak during exercise stress test, mL/kg·min	6.3 ± 1.4
Physical fitness, % predicted V·O2 peak	89.6 ± 20.5
Risk factors	Prevalence, n (%)
Abdominal obesity	174 (69.9)
Depression	58 (23.3)
Diabetes	62 (24.9)
Dyslipidemia	220 (88.4)
Hypertension	161 (64.7)
Obesity	57 (22.9)
Overweight	105 (42.2)
Smoking	186 (74.7)

P_max: Maximal power; V·O₂: Maximal oxygen consumption; METs: Metabolic equivalents of task.

Table 2 Characteristics of subjects for each of models

Variables (units)	Modela		P value	Modelb		P value
	Group 1a(n = 143)	Group 2a(n = 106)		Group 1b(n = 64)	Group 2b(n = 185)
Gender (males/females)	101/42	104/2	-	39 / 25	166 / 19	-
Age (yr)	64.7 ± 11.0	58.0 ± 10.8	0.001	66.2 ± 11.7	60.3 ± 10.9	0.001
Weight (kg)	77.2 ± 14.8	80.7 ± 16.6	0.090	75.0 ± 15.1	80.0 ± 15.7	0.030
Height (cm)	167.8 ± 9.1	172.7 ± 6.8	0.001	166.3 ± 8.1	171.2 ± 8.3	0.001
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)	27.8 ± 4.2	27.0 ± 5.0	0.500	27.0 ± 4.3	27.2 ± 4.7	0.700
Pmax during exercise stress test (W)	118.0 ± 39.1	95.8 ± 25.7	0.001	128.3 ± 45.0	101.7 ± 29.1	0.001
Pmax predicted (W)	150.8 ± 46.9	190.0 ± 40.3	0.001	139.5 ± 49.9	177.2 ± 43.7	0.001
V·O2 peak during exercise stress test (mL/kg/min)	23.6 ± 5.1	20.0 ± 3.5	0.001	25.5 ± 5.5	20.9 ± 4.0	0.001
V·O2 peak predicted (mL/kg/min)	23.4 ± 4.7	27.8 ± 4.6	0.001	22.4 ± 4.6	26.2 ± 4.9	0.001
METs peak during exercise stress test	6.8 ± 1.5	5.7 ± 1.0	0.001	7.3 ± 1.6	6.0 ± 1.1	0.001
Physical fitness (% predicted V·O2 peak)	102.2 ± 17.6	72.6 ± 8.1	0.001	115.2 ± 19.2	80.8 ± 11.7	0.001

Model^a-group 1^a: Patients with a normal physical fitness level; Model^a-group 2^a: Patients with a poor physical fitness level; Modelb-group 1b: Patients with a high physical fitness level; Model^b-group 2^b: Patients with a low physical fitness level. P_max: Maximal power; V·O₂: Maximal oxygen consumption; METs : Metabolic equivalents of task.

Table 3 Measures-univariate and multivariate on subjects with cardiovascular risk factors

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	OR (95%CI)	P value	PF (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	P value	PF (95%CI)
Modela
Age	0.94 (0.92; 0.96)	< 0.001	0.06 (0.04; 0.08)	0.93 (0.90; 0.96)	< 0.001	0.07 (0.04; 0.10)
Abdominal obesity	0.62 (0.36; 1.07)	0.09	0.38 (-0.07; 0.64)	-
Depression	1.02 (0.56; 1.85)	0.92	-	-
Diabetes	0.88 (0.48; 1.57)	0.68	0.12 (-0.57; 0.52)	-
Dyslipidemia	1.24 (0.56; 2.83)	0.59	-	-
Hypertension	0.67 (0.39; 1.13)	0.13	0.33 (-0.13; 0.61)	-
Obesity	0.88 (0.48; 1.61)	0.70	0.12 (-0.60; 0.52)	-
Overweight	0.89 (0.53; 1.48)	0.65	0.11 (-0.48; 0.47)	0.64 (0.35; 1.14)	0.130	0.36 (-0.14; 0.65)
Smoking	2.48 (1.34; 4.74)	< 0.010	-	-
Modelb
Age	0.95 (0.92; 0.97)	< 0.001	0.05 (0.03; 0.08)	0.95 (0.92; 0.98)	0.001	0.05 (0.02; 0.08)
Abdominal obesity	0.63 (0.32; 1.20)	0.17	0.37 (-0.20; 0.68)	-
Depression	0.78 (0.41; 1.54)	0.47	0.22 (-0.54; 0.59)	-
Diabetes	1.11 (0.58; 2.22)	0.75	-	-
Dyslipidemia	1.11 (0.44; 2.57)	0.80	-	-
Hypertension	0.64 (0.33; 1.18)	0.16	0.36 (-0.18; 0.67)	-
Obesity	1.39 (0.70; 2.94)	0.36	-	3.40 (1.06; 11.83)	0.040	-2.4 (-10.83; -0.06)
Overweight	0.84 (0.47; 1.49)	0.55	0.16 (-0.49; 0.53)	-
Smoking	2.03 (1.08; 3.76)	0.02	-	-

-: This variable was eliminated from the selection of logistic regression models in minimizing the Akaike criterion. Model^a: Patients with a normal physical fitness level; Model^b : Patients with a high physical fitness level; OR: Odds ratio; PF: Preventive fraction.