Bioinformatics prediction of potential mechanisms and biomarkers underlying dilated cardiomyopathy

Figure 1 Identification of differentially expressed genes. A: Volcano map, in which the red node represents the upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the blue node represents the downregulated DEGs; B: Heatmap of DEGs.

Figure 2 Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of enrichment for differentially expressed genes. A: Biological process; B: Cellular component; C: Molecular function; D: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.

Figure 3 Gene set enrichment analyses of enrichment of differentially expressed genes. A: Heart development; B: Response to ischemia; C: Vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation; D: Response to transforming growth factor beta; E: Stem cell proliferation; F: Regulation of mitochondrial fission.

Figure 4 Protein-protein interaction network. A: Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), in which the red node represents upregulated DEGs and the green node represents the downregulated DEGs; B: Top 10 hub genes; C: Module 1; D: Module 2; E: Module 3; F: Module 4; G: Module 5. Yellow node represents the Seed gene of each module.

Figure 5 MicroRNA-mRNA network. Red node represents the Hub genes; blue node represents the Targeted microRNAs; green node represents the mutual targeted miRNAs of ≥ 2 hub genes.

Figure 6 Immune cell infiltration analyses of differentially expressed genes. A: Violin plot, in which red represents dilated cardiomyopathy group and blue represents the normal group; B: Principal component analysis; C: Correlation heatmap.