Role of interleukins in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease: A literature review

doi:10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.103947

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Cardiol. Mar 26, 2025; 17(3): 103947
Published online Mar 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.103947

Role of interleukins in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease: A literature review

Saira Rafaqat, Azeem Azam, Ramsha Hafeez, Hamza Faseeh, Maria Tariq, Muhammad Asif, Amber Arshad, Iqra Noshair

Saira Rafaqat, Ramsha Hafeez, Amber Arshad, Iqra Noshair, Department of Zoology (Molecular Physiology), Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Azeem Azam, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Hamza Faseeh, Department of Zoology, Govt. Islamia Graduate College Civil Lines, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Maria Tariq, Muhammad Asif, Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Author contributions: Rafaqat S, Azam A, and Faseeh H conceived the study design and conducted the data collection; Hafeez R, Tariq M, Asif M, Arshad A, and Noshair N wrote the manuscript; Rafaqat S edited the manuscript; All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Saira Rafaqat, PhD, Department of Zoology (Molecular Physiology), Lahore College for Women University, Jail Rd, Near Wapda Flats, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. saera.rafaqat@gmail.com

Received: December 5, 2024
Revised: January 22, 2025
Accepted: February 10, 2025
Published online: March 26, 2025
Processing time: 106 Days and 16 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Cytokines play a role in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Interleukins (ILs) are integral to the pathogenesis of CHD through their roles in promoting inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, plaque formation, and thrombosis. The review reports the role of ILs such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, and IL-10 in the pathogenesis of CHD and therapeutic strategies, identifies knowledge gaps, and highlights future research directions to improve the understanding and management of CHD.