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©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Venous Doppler flow patterns, venous congestion, heart disease and renal dysfunction: A complex liaison
Alessio Di Maria, Rossella Siligato, Specialized Medicines, Renal Unit, University Hospital St. Anna of Ferrara, Ferrara I-44124, Italy
Rossella Siligato, Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98121, Italy
Marta Bondanelli, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara I-44124, Italy
Fabio Fabbian, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44124, Italy
Author contributions: Siligato R, Di Maria A, Bondanelli M, and Fabbian F contributed to this paper; Di Maria A, Siligato R, Bondanelli M, Fabbian F designed the overall concept, reviewed the literature, contributed to the discussion, wrote the initial draft, edited the subsequent versions, and approved the final version.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Fabio Fabbian, MD, Associate Professor, Consultant Physician-Scientist, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44124, Italy. f.fabbian@ospfe.it
Received: November 24, 2023
Peer-review started: November 24, 2023
First decision: December 7, 2023
Revised: December 15, 2023
Accepted: January 3, 2024
Article in press: January 3, 2024
Published online: January 26, 2024
Peer-review started: November 24, 2023
First decision: December 7, 2023
Revised: December 15, 2023
Accepted: January 3, 2024
Article in press: January 3, 2024
Published online: January 26, 2024
Core Tip
Core Tip: Fluid overload and venous congestion, including renal venous hypertension, play a major role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic renal dysfunction occurring in heart disease. Physical assessment sensitivity alone to determine fluid status is scarce, limiting success in clinical decision-making. Ultrasonography and venous Doppler flow patterns evaluation is a valuable, non-invasive, bedside diagnostic tool for establishing fluid status, and guide its treatment.