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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Effects of time-restricted eating with different eating duration on anthropometrics and cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mazuin Kamarul Zaman, Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng, Sazzli Shahlan Kasim, Norsham Juliana, Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh
Mazuin Kamarul Zaman, Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng, Centre of Dietetics Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
Sazzli Shahlan Kasim, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Universiti Teknologi MARA (HUiTM), Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
Norsham Juliana, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
Author contributions: Zaman MK, Teng NIMF, Juliana N, and Kasim SS contributed to the conceptualization of the study, systematic search, and studies selection; Zaman MK and Teng NIMF performed data extraction and risk of bias assessments; data analysis, synthesis, and interpretation were conducted by Zaman MK, and Alshawsh MA; Zaman MK drafted the manuscript; All authors contributed to the manuscript revision and approved the final manuscript.
Supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, No. FRGS/1/2021/SKK06/UITM/03/3.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng, PhD, Associate Professor, Centre of Dietetics Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, FSK 6, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia. nurislami@uitm.edu.my
Received: May 18, 2023
Peer-review started: May 18, 2023
First decision: June 1, 2023
Revised: June 20, 2023
Accepted: July 3, 2023
Article in press: July 3, 2023
Published online: July 26, 2023
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background
There is growing interest in time-based dietary intervention as an alternative to caloric restriction or nutrient-based dietary intervention for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Research motivation
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is considered a mild form of intermittent fasting and has shown conflicting cardiometabolic health outcomes in humans.
Research objectives
Our study aimed to explore the overall effectiveness of TRE and its optimal duration as a potential dietary approach for weight loss and improved cardiometabolic health in individuals with excessive weight and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
Research methods
Systematic searches were conducted via multiple databases (MEDLINE Complete, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Academic Search Complete, Food Science Source, OpenDissertations, Education Research Complete, and Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection) to identify the relevant articles. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB-2). Meta-analyses were conducted depending on feasibility. Analysis was performed using RevMan software.
Research results
TRE significantly decreased body weight, waist circumference, adipose mass, lean body mass, blood glucose, insulin, and triglyceride. HbA1c, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed no significant changes with the treatment. In addition, subgroup analyses based on the eating duration revealed significant variation in the effects of the TRE intervention on the measured outcomes.
Research conclusions
TRE is an effective and sustainable dietary strategy to improve the anthropometric and cardiometabolic health of individuals with excessive weight or weight-related metabolic disorders.
Research perspectives
A larger sample size and higher quality studies are necessary to corroborate the findings of this meta-analysis and define the optimal duration of the eating window for cardiovascular disease prevention.
